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S
SAA-
(See SPECIAL ACTIVITY
AIRSPACE.)
SAFETY ALERT- A safety
alert issued by ATC to aircraft under their control if ATC is aware
the aircraft is at an altitude which, in the controller's judgment,
places the aircraft in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or
other aircraft. The controller may discontinue the issuance of further
alerts if the pilot advises he/she is taking action to correct the
situation or has the other aircraft in sight.
a. Terrain/Obstruction Alert- A safety
alert issued by ATC to aircraft under their control if ATC is aware
the aircraft is at an altitude which, in the controller's judgment,
places the aircraft in unsafe proximity to terrain/obstructions;
e.g., "Low Altitude Alert, check your altitude immediately."
b. Aircraft Conflict Alert- A safety alert
issued by ATC to aircraft under their control if ATC is aware of an
aircraft that is not under their control at an altitude which, in
the controller's judgment, places both aircraft in unsafe proximity
to each other. With the alert, ATC will offer the pilot an alternate
course of action when feasible; e.g., "Traffic Alert, advise you
turn right heading zero niner zero or climb to eight thousand
immediately."
Note: The
issuance of a safety alert is contingent upon the capability of the
controller to have an awareness of an unsafe condition. The course of
action provided will be predicated on other traffic under ATC control.
Once the alert is issued, it is solely the pilot's prerogative to
determine what course of action, if any, he/she will take.
SAIL BACK- A maneuver
during high wind conditions (usually with power off) where float plane
movement is controlled by water rudders/opening and closing cabin
doors.
SAME DIRECTION
AIRCRAFT- Aircraft are operating in the same direction when:
a. They are following the same track in
the same direction; or
b. Their tracks are parallel and the
aircraft are flying in the same direction; or
c. Their tracks intersect at an angle of
less than 45 degrees.
SAR-
(See SEARCH AND RESCUE.)
SAY AGAIN-
Used to request a repeat of the last transmission. Usually specifies
transmission or portion thereof not understood or received; e.g., "Say
again all after ABRAM VOR."
SAY ALTITUDE-
Used by ATC to ascertain an aircraft's specific altitude/flight
level. When the aircraft is climbing or descending, the pilot should
state the indicated altitude rounded to the nearest 100 feet.
SAY HEADING-
Used by ATC to request an aircraft heading. The pilot should state
the actual heading of the aircraft.
SCHEDULED
TIME OF ARRIVAL (STA)- A STA is the desired time that an aircraft
should cross a certain point (landing or metering fix). It takes other
traffic and airspace configuration into account. A STA time shows the
results of the TMA scheduler that has calculated an arrival time
according to parameters such as optimized spacing, aircraft
performance, and weather.
SDF-
(See SIMPLIFIED DIRECTIONAL
FACILITY.)
SEA LANE- A designated
portion of water outlined by visual surface markers for and intended
to be used by aircraft designed to operate on water.
SEARCH AND RESCUE-
A service which seeks missing aircraft and assists those found to be
in need of assistance. It is a cooperative effort using the facilities
and services of available Federal, state and local agencies. The U.S.
Coast Guard is responsible for coordination of search and rescue for
the Maritime Region, and the U.S. Air Force is responsible for search
and rescue for the Inland Region. Information pertinent to search and
rescue should be passed through any air traffic facility or be
transmitted directly to the Rescue Coordination Center by telephone.
(See FLIGHT SERVICE STATION.)
(See RESCUE COORDINATION CENTER.)
(Refer to AIM.)
SEARCH AND
RESCUE FACILITY- A facility responsible for maintaining and
operating a search and rescue (SAR) service to render aid to persons
and property in distress. It is any SAR unit, station, NET, or other
operational activity which can be usefully employed during an SAR
Mission; e.g., a Civil Air Patrol Wing, or a Coast Guard Station.
(See SEARCH AND RESCUE.)
SECTIONAL AERONAUTICAL CHARTS-
(See
AERONAUTICAL CHART.)
SECTOR LIST
DROP INTERVAL- A parameter number of minutes after the meter fix
time when arrival aircraft will be deleted from the arrival sector
list.
SEE AND AVOID- When
weather conditions permit, pilots operating IFR or VFR are required to
observe and maneuver to avoid other aircraft. Right- of-way rules are
contained in 14 CFR Part 91.
SEGMENTED CIRCLE- A
system of visual indicators designed to provide traffic pattern
information at airports without operating control towers.
(Refer to AIM.)
SEGMENTS OF AN
INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE- An instrument approach procedure
may have as many as four separate segments depending on how the
approach procedure is structured.
a. Initial Approach- The segment between
the initial approach fix and the intermediate fix or the point where
the aircraft is established on the intermediate course or final
approach course.
(See ICAO term INITIAL APPROACH SEGMENT.)
b. Intermediate Approach- The segment
between the intermediate fix or point and the final approach fix.
(See ICAO term INTERMEDIATE APPROACH SEGMENT.)
c. Final Approach- The segment between the
final approach fix or point and the runway, airport, or missed
approach point.
(See ICAO term FINAL APPROACH SEGMENT.)
d. Missed Approach- The segment between
the missed approach point or the point of arrival at decision height
and the missed approach fix at the prescribed altitude.
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 97.)
(See ICAO term MISSED APPROACH PROCEDURE.)
SELECTED GROUND
DELAYS- A traffic management procedure whereby selected flights
are issued ground delays to better regulate traffic flows over a
particular fix or area.
SEPARATION- In air traffic
control, the spacing of aircraft to achieve their safe and orderly
movement in flight and while landing and taking off.
(See SEPARATION MINIMA.)
(See ICAO term SEPARATION.)
SEPARATION [ICAO]-
Spacing between aircraft, levels or tracks.
SEPARATION MINIMA-
The minimum longitudinal, lateral, or vertical distances by which
aircraft are spaced through the application of air traffic control
procedures.
(See SEPARATION.)
SERVICE- A generic term that
designates functions or assistance available from or rendered by air
traffic control. For example, Class C service would denote the ATC
services provided within a Class C airspace area.
SEVERE
WEATHER AVOIDANCE PLAN- An approved plan to minimize the affect of
severe weather on traffic flows in impacted terminal and/or ARTCC
areas. SWAP is normally implemented to provide the least disruption to
the ATC system when flight through portions of airspace is difficult
or impossible due to severe weather.
SEVERE
WEATHER FORECAST ALERTS- Preliminary messages issued in order to
alert users that a Severe Weather Watch Bulletin (WW) is being issued.
These messages define areas of possible severe thunderstorms or
tornado activity. The messages are unscheduled and issued as required
by the National Severe Storm Forecast Center at Kansas City, Missouri.
(See AIRMET.)
(See
CONVECTIVE SIGMET.)
(See CWA.)
(See SIGMET.)
SFA-
(See SINGLE FREQUENCY APPROACH.)
SFO-
(See SIMULATED FLAMEOUT.)
SHF-
(See SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY.)
SHORT RANGE
CLEARANCE- A clearance issued to a departing IFR flight which
authorizes IFR flight to a specific fix short of the destination while
air traffic control facilities are coordinating and obtaining the
complete clearance.
SHORT
TAKEOFF AND LANDING AIRCRAFT- An aircraft which, at some weight
within its approved operating weight, is capable of operating from a
STOL runway in compliance with the applicable STOL characteristics,
airworthiness, operations, noise, and pollution standards.
(See VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING AIRCRAFT.)
SIAP-
(See STANDARD INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE.)
SIDESTEP MANEUVER-
A visual maneuver accomplished by a pilot at the completion of an
instrument approach to permit a straight-in landing on a parallel
runway not more than 1,200 feet to either side of the runway to which
the instrument approach was conducted.
(Refer to AIM.)
SIGMET- A
weather advisory issued concerning weather significant to the safety
of all aircraft. SIGMET advisories cover severe and extreme
turbulence, severe icing, and widespread dust or sandstorms that
reduce visibility to less than 3 miles.
(See AIRMET.)
(See AWW.)
(See
CONVECTIVE SIGMET.)
(See CWA.)
(See ICAO term SIGMET
INFORMATION.)
(Refer to AIM.)
SIGMET
INFORMATION [ICAO]- Information issued by a meteorological watch
office concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified
en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft
operations.
SIGNIFICANT METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION-
(See SIGMET.)
SIGNIFICANT POINT-
A point, whether a named intersection, a NAVAID, a fix derived from a
NAVAID(s), or geographical coordinate expressed in degrees of latitude
and longitude, which is established for the purpose of providing
separation, as a reporting point, or to delineate a route of flight.
SIMPLIFIED DIRECTIONAL FACILITY- A NAVAID used for nonprecision
instrument approaches. The final approach course is similar to that of
an ILS localizer except that the SDF course may be offset from the
runway, generally not more than 3 degrees, and the course may be wider
than the localizer, resulting in a lower degree of accuracy.
(Refer to AIM.)
SIMULATED FLAMEOUT-
A practice approach by a jet aircraft (normally military) at idle
thrust to a runway. The approach may start at a runway (high key) and
may continue on a relatively high and wide downwind leg with a
continuous turn to final. It terminates in landing or low approach.
The purpose of this approach is to simulate a flameout.
(See
FLAMEOUT.)
SIMULTANEOUS
ILS APPROACHES- An approach system permitting simultaneous ILS/MLS
approaches to airports having parallel runways separated by at least
4,300 feet between centerlines. Integral parts of a total system are
ILS/MLS, radar, communications, ATC procedures, and appropriate
airborne equipment.
(See
PARALLEL RUNWAYS.)
(Refer to AIM.)
SIMULTANEOUS MLS APPROACHES-
(See SIMULTANEOUS ILS
APPROACHES.)
SINGLE DIRECTION
ROUTES- Preferred IFR Routes which are sometimes depicted on high
altitude en route charts and which are normally flown in one direction
only.
(See PREFERRED IFR ROUTES.)
(Refer to
AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.)
SINGLE
FREQUENCY APPROACH- A service provided under a letter of agreement
to military single-piloted turbojet aircraft which permits use of a
single UHF frequency during approach for landing. Pilots will not
normally be required to change frequency from the beginning of the
approach to touchdown except that pilots conducting an en route
descent are required to change frequency when control is transferred
from the air route traffic control center to the terminal facility.
The abbreviation "SFA" in the DOD FLIP IFR Supplement under
"Communications" indicates this service is available at an aerodrome.
SINGLE-PILOTED
AIRCRAFT- A military turbojet aircraft possessing one set of
flight controls, tandem cockpits, or two sets of flight controls but
operated by one pilot is considered single-piloted by ATC when
determining the appropriate air traffic service to be applied.
(See SINGLE FREQUENCY APPROACH.)
SLASH- A radar beacon reply
displayed as an elongated target.
SLDI-
(See SECTOR LIST DROP INTERVAL.)
SLOT TIME-
(See METER FIX TIME/SLOT TIME.)
SLOW TAXI- To taxi a float
plane at low power or low RPM.
SN-
(See SYSTEM STRATEGIC
NAVIGATION.)
SPEAK SLOWER-
Used in verbal communications as a request to reduce speech rate.
SPECIAL
ACTIVITY AIRSPACE (SAA)- Any airspace with defined dimensions
within the National Airspace System wherein limitations may be imposed
upon aircraft operations. This airspace may be restricted areas,
prohibited areas, military operations areas, air ATC assigned
airspace, and any other designated airspace areas. The dimensions of
this airspace are programmed into URET CCLD and can be designated as
either active or inactive by screen entry. Aircraft trajectories are
constantly tested against the dimensions of active areas and alerts
issued to the applicable sectors when violations are predicted.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL CORE CAPABILITY LIMITED DEPLOYMENT.)
SPECIAL EMERGENCY-
A condition of air piracy or other hostile act by a person(s) aboard
an aircraft which threatens the safety of the aircraft or its
passengers.
SPECIAL INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE-
(See INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE.)
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE-
Airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of
the earth wherein activities must be confined because of their nature
and/or wherein limitations may be imposed upon aircraft operations
that are not a part of those activities. Types of special use airspace
are:
a. Alert Area- Airspace which may contain
a high volume of pilot training activities or an unusual type of
aerial activity, neither of which is hazardous to aircraft. Alert
Areas are depicted on aeronautical charts for the information of
nonparticipating pilots. All activities within an Alert Area are
conducted in accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations, and
pilots of participating aircraft as well as pilots transiting the
area are equally responsible for collision avoidance.
b. Controlled Firing Area- Airspace
wherein activities are conducted under conditions so controlled as
to eliminate hazards to nonparticipating aircraft and to ensure the
safety of persons and property on the ground.
c. Military Operations Area (MOA)- A MOA
is airspace established outside of Class A airspace area to separate
or segregate certain nonhazardous military activities from IFR
traffic and to identify for VFR traffic where these activities are
conducted.
(Refer to AIM.)
d. Prohibited Area- Airspace designated
under 14 CFR Part 73 within which no person may operate an aircraft
without the permission of the using agency.
(Refer to AIM.)
(Refer to
En Route Charts.)
e. Restricted Area- Airspace designated
under 14 CFR Part 73, within which the flight of aircraft, while not
wholly prohibited, is subject to restriction. Most restricted areas
are designated joint use and IFR/VFR operations in the area may be
authorized by the controlling ATC facility when it is not being
utilized by the using agency. Restricted areas are depicted on en
route charts. Where joint use is authorized, the name of the ATC
controlling facility is also shown.
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 73.)
(Refer to AIM.)
f. Warning Area- A warning area is
airspace of defined dimensions extending from 3 nautical miles
outward from the coast of the United States, that contains activity
that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. The purpose of
such warning area is to warn nonparticipating pilots of the
potential danger. A warning area may be located over domestic or
international waters or both.
SPECIAL VFR
CONDITIONS- Meteorological conditions that are less than those
required for basic VFR flight in Class B, C, D, or E surface areas and
in which some aircraft are permitted flight under visual flight rules.
(See SPECIAL VFR OPERATIONS.)
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
SPECIAL VFR
FLIGHT [ICAO]- A VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to
operate within Class B, C, D, and E surface areas in metrological
conditions below VMC.
SPECIAL VFR
OPERATIONS- Aircraft operating in accordance with clearances
within Class B, C, D, and E surface areas in weather conditions less
than the basic VFR weather minima. Such operations must be requested
by the pilot and approved by ATC.
(See SPECIAL VFR CONDITIONS.)
(See ICAO term SPECIAL VFR
FLIGHT.)
SPEED-
(See
AIRSPEED.)
(See
GROUND SPEED.)
SPEED ADJUSTMENT- An
ATC procedure used to request pilots to adjust aircraft speed to a
specific value for the purpose of providing desired spacing. Pilots
are expected to maintain a speed of plus or minus 10 knots or 0.02
Mach number of the specified speed. Examples of speed adjustments are:
a. "Increase/reduce speed to Mach point
(number.)"
b. "Increase/reduce speed to (speed in
knots)" or "Increase/reduce speed (number of knots) knots."
SPEED BRAKES- Moveable
aerodynamic devices on aircraft that reduce airspeed during descent
and landing.
SPEED SEGMENTS-
Portions of the arrival route between the transition point and the
vertex along the optimum flight path for which speeds and altitudes
are specified. There is one set of arrival speed segments adapted from
each transition point to each vertex. Each set may contain up to six
segments.
SQUAWK (Mode, Code, Function)- Activate specific
modes/codes/functions on the aircraft transponder; e.g., "Squawk
three/alpha, two one zero five, low."
(See
TRANSPONDER.)
STA-
(See SCHEDULED TIME OF
ARRIVAL.)
STAGING/QUEUING- The
placement, integration, and segregation of departure aircraft in
designated movement areas of an airport by departure fix, EDCT, and/or
restriction.
STAND BY-
Means the controller or pilot must pause for a few seconds, usually to
attend to other duties of a higher priority. Also means to wait as in
"stand by for clearance." The caller should reestablish contact if a
delay is lengthy. "Stand by" is not an approval or denial.
STANDARD INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE-
(See INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE.)
STANDARD RATE TURN-
A turn of three degrees per second.
STANDARD
TERMINAL ARRIVAL- A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air
traffic control arrival procedure published for pilot use in graphic
and/or textual form. STARs provide transition from the en route
structure to an outer fix or an instrument approach fix/arrival
waypoint in the terminal area.
STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL CHARTS-
(See
AERONAUTICAL CHART.)
STAR-
(See STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL.)
STATE AIRCRAFT-
Aircraft used in military, customs and police service, in the
exclusive service of any government, or of any political subdivision,
thereof including the government of any state, territory, or
possession of the United States or the District of Columbia, but not
including any government-owned aircraft engaged in carrying persons or
property for commercial purposes.
STATIC RESTRICTIONS-
Those restrictions that are usually not subject to change, fixed, in
place, and/or published.
STATIONARY
RESERVATIONS- Altitude reservations which encompass activities in
a fixed area. Stationary reservations may include activities, such as
special tests of weapons systems or equipment, certain U.S. Navy
carrier, fleet, and anti-submarine operations, rocket, missile and
drone operations, and certain aerial refueling or similar operations.
STEP TAXI- To taxi a float
plane at full power or high RPM.
STEP TURN- A maneuver used
to put a float plane in a planing configuration prior to entering an
STEPDOWN FIX- A fix
permitting additional descent within a segment of an instrument
approach procedure by identifying a point at which a controlling
obstacle has been safely overflown.
active sea lane for takeoff. The STEP TURN
maneuver should only be used upon pilot request.
STEREO ROUTE- A
routinely used route of flight established by users and ARTCCs
identified by a coded name; e.g., ALPHA 2. These routes minimize
flight plan handling and communications.
STOL AIRCRAFT-
(See SHORT TAKEOFF AND
LANDING AIRCRAFT.)
STOP ALTITUDE
SQUAWK- Used by ATC to inform an aircraft to turn-off the
automatic altitude reporting feature of its transponder. It is issued
when the verbally reported altitude varies 300 feet or more from the
automatic altitude report.
(See
ALTITUDE READOUT.)
(See
TRANSPONDER.)
STOP AND GO- A procedure
wherein an aircraft will land, make a complete stop on the runway, and
then commence a takeoff from that point.
(See LOW
APPROACH.)
(See
OPTION APPROACH.)
STOP BURST-
(See STOP STREAM.)
STOP BUZZER-
(See STOP STREAM.)
STOP
SQUAWK (Mode or Code)- Used by ATC to tell the pilot to
turn specified functions of the aircraft transponder off.
(See STOP ALTITUDE SQUAWK.)
(See
TRANSPONDER.)
STOP STREAM-
Used by ATC to request a pilot to suspend electronic
countermeasure activity.
(See JAMMING.)
STOPOVER FLIGHT PLAN-
A flight plan format which permits in a single submission the filing
of a sequence of flight plans through interim full-stop destinations
to a final destination.
STOPWAY- An area beyond the
takeoff runway no less wide than the runway and centered upon the
extended centerline of the runway, able to support the airplane during
an aborted takeoff, without causing structural damage to the airplane,
and designated by the airport authorities for use in decelerating the
airplane during an aborted takeoff.
STRAIGHT-IN
APPROACH IFR- An instrument approach wherein final approach is
begun without first having executed a procedure turn, not necessarily
completed with a straight-in landing or made to straight-in landing
minimums.
(See
LANDING MINIMUMS.)
(See STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH VFR.)
(See STRAIGHT-IN LANDING.)
STRAIGHT-IN
APPROACH VFR- Entry into the traffic pattern by interception of
the extended runway centerline (final approach course) without
executing any other portion of the traffic pattern.
(See
TRAFFIC PATTERN.)
STRAIGHT-IN LANDING-
A landing made on a runway aligned within 30° of the final approach
course following completion of an instrument approach.
(See STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH IFR.)
STRAIGHT-IN LANDING MINIMUMS-
(See
LANDING MINIMUMS.)
STRAIGHT-IN MINIMUMS-
(See
STRAIGHT-IN LANDING MINIMUMS.)
STRATEGIC PLANNING-
Planning whereby solutions are sought to resolve potential conflicts.
SUBSTITUTIONS- Users
are permitted to exchange CTAs. Normally, the airline dispatcher will
contact the ATCSCC with this request. The ATCSCC shall forward
approved substitutions to the TMUs who will notify the appropriate
terminals. Permissible swapping must not change the traffic load for
any given hour of an EQF program.
SUBSTITUTE ROUTE- A
route assigned to pilots when any part of an airway or route is
unusable because of NAVAID status. These routes consist of:
a. Substitute routes which are shown on
U.S. Government charts.
b. Routes defined by ATC as specific
NAVAID radials or courses.
c. Routes defined by ATC as direct to or
between NAVAIDs.
SUNSET AND SUNRISE-
The mean solar times of sunset and sunrise as published in the
Nautical Almanac, converted to local standard time for the locality
concerned. Within Alaska, the end of evening civil twilight and the
beginning of morning civil twilight, as defined for each locality.
SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY-
The frequency band between 3 and 30 gigahertz (GHz). The elevation and
azimuth stations of the microwave landing system operate from 5031 MHz
to 5091 MHz in this spectrum.
SUPPLEMENTAL WEATHER SERVICE LOCATION- Airport facilities staffed
with contract personnel who take weather observations and provide
current local weather to pilots via telephone or radio. (All other
services are provided by the parent FSS.)
SUPPS- Refers to ICAO Document
7030 Regional Supplementary Procedures. SUPPS contain procedures for
each ICAO Region which are unique to that Region and are not covered
in the worldwide provisions identified in the ICAO Air Navigation
Plan. Procedures contained in Chapter 8 are based in part on those
published in SUPPS.
SURFACE AREA- The
airspace contained by the lateral boundary of the Class B, C, D, or E
airspace designated for an airport that begins at the surface and
extends upward.
SURPIC- A description of
surface vessels in the area of a Search and Rescue incident including
their predicted positions and their characteristics.
(Refer to FAAO
7110.65, Para 10-6-4, INFLIGHT CONTINGENCIES.)
SURVEILLANCE
APPROACH- An instrument approach wherein the air traffic
controller issues instructions, for pilot compliance, based on
aircraft position in relation to the final approach course (azimuth),
and the distance (range) from the end of the runway as displayed on
the controller's radar scope. The controller will provide recommended
altitudes on final approach if requested by the pilot.
(Refer to AIM.)
SWAP-
(See SEVERE WEATHER AVOIDANCE
PLAN.)
SWSL-
(See SUPPLEMENTAL
WEATHER SERVICE LOCATION.)
SYSTEM
STRATEGIC NAVIGATION- Military activity accomplished by navigating
along a preplanned route using internal aircraft systems to maintain a
desired track. This activity normally requires a lateral route width
of 10 NM and altitude range of 1,000 feet to 6,000 feet AGL with some
route segments that permit terrain following.
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