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A
AAI-
(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.)
AAR-
(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.)
ABBREVIATED
IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An authorization by ATC requiring pilots to
submit only that information needed for the purpose of ATC. It
includes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight plan
information. In certain instances, this may be only aircraft
identification, location, and pilot request. Other information may be
requested if needed by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is
frequently used by aircraft which are airborne and desire an
instrument approach or by aircraft which are on the ground and desire
a climb to VFR-on-top.
(See VFR-ON-TOP.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ABEAM- An
aircraft is "abeam" a fix, point, or object when that fix, point, or
object is approximately 90 degrees to the right or left of the
aircraft track. Abeam indicates a general position rather than a
precise point.
ABORT- To
terminate a preplanned aircraft maneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff.
ACC [ICAO]-
(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL
CENTER.)
ACCELERATE-STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE- The runway plus stopway length
declared available and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration
of an airplane aborting a takeoff.
ACCELERATE-STOP
DISTANCE AVAILABLE [ICAO]- The length of the take-off run
available plus the length of the stopway if provided.
ACDO-
(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT
OFFICE.)
ACKNOWLEDGE-
Let me know that you have received my message.
(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.)
ACKNOWLEDGE [ICAO]-
Let me know that you have received and understood this message.
ACL-
(See AIRCRAFT LIST.)
ACLS-
(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER
LANDING SYSTEM.)
ACLT-
(See ACTUAL CALCULATED
LANDING TIME.)
ACROBATIC FLIGHT- An
intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in an aircraft's
attitude, an abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not necessary
for normal flight.
(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
ACROBATIC FLIGHT
[ICAO]- Maneuvers intentionally performed by an aircraft involving
an abrupt change in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an abnormal
variation in speed.
ACTIVE RUNWAY-
(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY RUNWAY.)
ACTUAL
CALCULATED LANDING TIME- ACLT is a flight's frozen calculated
landing time. An actual time determined at freeze calculated landing
time (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for the adapted
vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon runway configuration,
airport acceptance rate, airport arrival delay period, and other
metered arrival aircraft. This time is either the vertex time of
arrival (VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated landing time
(TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft plus the arrival aircraft
interval (AAI), whichever is later. This time will not be updated in
response to the aircraft's progress.
ACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE (ANP)-
(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE.)
ADDITIONAL SERVICES-
Advisory information provided by ATC which includes but is not limited
to the following:
a. Traffic advisories.
b. Vectors, when requested by the pilot,
to assist aircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed
traffic.
c. Altitude deviation information of 300
feet or more from an assigned altitude as observed on a verified
(reading correctly) automatic altitude readout (Mode C).
d. Advisories that traffic is no longer a
factor.
e. Weather and chaff information.
f. Weather assistance.
g. Bird activity information.
h. Holding pattern surveillance.
Additional services are provided to the extent possible contingent
only upon the controller's capability to fit them into the
performance of higher priority duties and on the basis of
limitations of the radar, volume of traffic, frequency congestion,
and controller workload. The controller has complete discretion for
determining if he/she is able to provide or continue to provide a
service in a particular case. The controller's reason not to provide
or continue to provide a service in a particular case is not subject
to question by the pilot and need not be made known to him/her.
(See TRAFFIC
ADVISORIES.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ADF-
(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION
FINDER.)
ADIZ-
(See AIR DEFENSE
IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)
ADLY-
(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)
ADMINISTRATOR- The
Federal Aviation Administrator or any person to whom he/she has
delegated his/her authority in the matter concerned.
ADR-
(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.)
ADVISE INTENTIONS-
Tell me what you plan to do.
ADVISORY- Advice and
information provided to assist pilots in the safe conduct of flight
and aircraft movement.
(See ADVISORY SERVICE.)
ADVISORY FREQUENCY-
The appropriate frequency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.
(See LOCAL
AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
(See UNICOM.)
(Refer to
ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90-42.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ADVISORY SERVICE-
Advice and information provided by a facility to assist pilots in the
safe conduct of flight and aircraft movement.
(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)
(See
EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY SERVICE.)
(See LOCAL
AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
(See RADAR ADVISORY.)
(See SAFETY ALERT.)
(See TRAFFIC
ADVISORIES.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AERIAL REFUELING- A
procedure used by the military to transfer fuel from one aircraft to
another during flight.
(Refer to
VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)
AERODROME- A defined area
on land or water (including any buildings, installations and
equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the
arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.
AERODROME BEACON
[ICAO]- Aeronautical beacon used to indicate the location of an
aerodrome from the air.
AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air traffic control service for
aerodrome traffic.
AERODROME
CONTROL TOWER [ICAO]- A unit established to provide air traffic
control service to aerodrome traffic.
AERODROME
ELEVATION [ICAO]- The elevation of the highest point of the
landing area.
AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT [ICAO]- The specified path to be flown
by aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
AERONAUTICAL BEACON-
A visual NAVAID displaying flashes of white and/or colored light to
indicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a landmark, a certain
point of a Federal airway in mountainous terrain, or an obstruction.
(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AERONAUTICAL CHART-
A map used in air navigation containing all or part of the following:
topographic features, hazards and obstructions, navigation aids,
navigation routes, designated airspace, and airports. Commonly used
aeronautical charts are:
a. Sectional Aeronautical Charts
(1:500,000)- Designed for visual navigation of slow or medium speed
aircraft. Topographic information on these charts features the
portrayal of relief and a judicious selection of visual check points
for VFR flight. Aeronautical information includes visual and radio
aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace, restricted areas,
obstructions, and related data.
b. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)-
Depict Class B airspace which provides for the control or
segregation of all the aircraft within Class B airspace. The chart
depicts topographic information and aeronautical information which
includes visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, controlled
airspace, restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.
c. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)
(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronautical charts
covering land areas of the world at a size and scale convenient for
navigation by moderate speed aircraft. Topographic information
includes cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinctive
landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical information includes
visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, airways, restricted
areas, obstructions, and other pertinent data.
d. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide
aeronautical information for en route instrument navigation (IFR) in
the low altitude stratum. Information includes the portrayal of
airways, limits of controlled airspace, position identification and
frequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum en route and
minimum obstruction clearance altitudes, airway distances, reporting
points, restricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are a
part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger scale in
congested areas.
e. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide
aeronautical information for en route instrument navigation (IFR) in
the high altitude stratum. Information includes the portrayal of jet
routes, identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected
airports, distances, time zones, special use airspace, and related
information.
f. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP)
Charts- Portray the aeronautical data which is required to execute
an instrument approach to an airport. These charts depict the
procedures, including all related data, and the airport diagram.
Each procedure is designated for use with a specific type of
electronic navigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR, ILS/MLS, and
RNAV. These charts are identified by the type of navigational aid(s)
which provide final approach guidance.
g. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP)
Charts- Designed to expedite clearance delivery and to facilitate
transition between takeoff and en route operations. Each DP is
presented as a separate chart and may serve a single airport or more
than one airport in a given geographical location.
h. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR)
Charts- Designed to expedite air traffic control arrival procedures
and to facilitate transition between en route and instrument
approach operations. Each STAR procedure is presented as a separate
chart and may serve a single airport or more than one airport in a
given geographical location.
i. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to
expedite the efficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an
airport. These charts are identified by the official airport name;
e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL
CHART.)
AERONAUTICAL
CHART [ICAO]- A representation of a portion of the earth, its
culture and relief, specifically designated to meet the requirements
of air navigation.
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION MANUAL (AIM)- A primary FAA publication
whose purpose is to instruct airmen about operating in the National
Airspace System of the U.S. It provides basic flight information, ATC
Procedures and general instructional information concerning health,
medical facts, factors affecting flight safety, accident and hazard
reporting, and types of aeronautical charts and their use.
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION (AIP) [ICAO]- A publication
issued by or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical
information of a lasting character essential to air navigation.
A/FD-
(See AIRPORT/FACILITY
DIRECTORY.)
AFFIRMATIVE-
Yes.
AIM-
(See AERONAUTICAL
INFORMATION MANUAL.)
AIP [ICAO]-
(See ICAO
term AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION.)
AIR CARRIER
DISTRICT OFFICE- An FAA field office serving an assigned
geographical area, staffed with Flight Standards personnel serving the
aviation industry and the general public on matters related to the
certification and operation of scheduled air carriers and other large
aircraft operations.
AIR DEFENSE
EMERGENCY- A military emergency condition declared by a designated
authority. This condition exists when an attack upon the continental
U.S., Alaska, Canada, or U.S. installations in Greenland by hostile
aircraft or missiles is considered probable, is imminent, or is taking
place.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR
DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE- The area of airspace over land or
water, extending upward from the surface, within which the ready
identification, the location, and the control of aircraft are required
in the interest of national security.
a. Domestic Air Defense Identification
Zone. An ADIZ within the United States along an international
boundary of the United States.
b. Coastal Air Defense Identification
Zone. An ADIZ over the coastal waters of the United States.
c. Distant Early Warning Identification
Zone (DEWIZ). An ADIZ over the coastal waters of the State of
Alaska.
Note:
ADIZ locations and operating and flight plan requirements for civil
aircraft operations are specified in 14 CFR Part 99.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR NAVIGATION
FACILITY- Any facility used in, available for use in, or designed
for use in, aid of air navigation, including landing areas, lights,
any apparatus or equipment for disseminating weather information, for
signaling, for radio-directional finding, or for radio or other
electrical communication, and any other structure or mechanism having
a similar purpose for guiding or controlling flight in the air or the
landing and takeoff of aircraft.
(See NAVIGATIONAL
AID.)
AIR ROUTE
SURVEILLANCE RADAR- Air route traffic control center (ARTCC) radar
used primarily to detect and display an aircraft's position while en
route between terminal areas. The ARSR enables controllers to provide
radar air traffic control service when aircraft are within the ARSR
coverage. In some instances, ARSR may enable an ARTCC to provide
terminal radar services similar to but usually more limited than those
provided by a radar approach control.
AIR
ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER- A facility established to provide
air traffic control service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans
within controlled airspace and principally during the en route phase
of flight. When equipment capabilities and controller workload permit,
certain advisory/assistance services may be provided to VFR aircraft.
(See EN ROUTE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICES.)
(See NAS STAGE A.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR TAXI- Used to describe a
helicopter/VTOL aircraft movement conducted above the surface but
normally not above 100 feet AGL. The aircraft may proceed either via
hover taxi or flight at speeds more than 20 knots. The pilot is solely
responsible for selecting a safe airspeed/altitude for the operation
being conducted.
(See HOVER TAXI.)
(Refer to
AIM.)
AIR TRAFFIC- Aircraft
operating in the air or on an airport surface, exclusive of loading
ramps and parking areas.
(See ICAO term AIR TRAFFIC.)
AIR TRAFFIC [ICAO]-
All aircraft in flight or operating on the maneuvering area of an
aerodrome.
AIR TRAFFIC
CLEARANCE- An authorization by air traffic control for the purpose
of preventing collision between known aircraft, for an aircraft to
proceed under specified traffic conditions within controlled airspace.
The pilot-in-command of an aircraft may not deviate from the
provisions of a visual flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules (IFR)
air traffic clearance except in an emergency or unless an amended
clearance has been obtained. Additionally, the pilot may request a
different clearance from that which has been issued by air traffic
control (ATC) if information available to the pilot makes another
course of action more practicable or if aircraft equipment limitations
or company procedures forbid compliance with the clearance issued.
Pilots may also request clarification or amendment, as appropriate,
any time a clearance is not fully understood, or considered
unacceptable because of safety of flight. Controllers should, in such
instances and to the extent of operational practicality and safety,
honor the pilot's request. 14 CFR Part 91.3(a) states: "The pilot in
command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final
authority as to, the operation of that aircraft." THE PILOT IS
RESPONSIBLE TO REQUEST AN AMENDED CLEARANCE if ATC issues a clearance
that would cause a pilot to deviate from a rule or regulation, or in
the pilot's opinion, would place the aircraft in jeopardy.
(See ATC INSTRUCTIONS.)
(See ICAO term AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE.)
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL-
A service operated by appropriate authority to promote the safe,
orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic.
(See ICAO term AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE.)
AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE [ICAO]- Authorization for an aircraft to
proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit.
Note 1:
For convenience, the term air traffic control clearance is frequently
abbreviated to clearance when used in appropriate contexts.
Note 2:
The abbreviated term clearance may be prefixed by the words taxi,
takeoff, departure, en route, approach or landing to indicate the
particular portion of flight to which the air traffic control
clearance relates.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE-
(See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL.)
AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- A service provided for the purpose
of:
a. Preventing collisions:
1. Between aircraft; and
2. On the maneuvering area between
aircraft and obstructions.
b. Expediting and maintaining an orderly
flow of air traffic.
AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST- A person authorized to provide air
traffic control service.
(See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL.)
(See FLIGHT
SERVICE STATION.)
(See ICAO term
CONTROLLER.)
AIR TRAFFIC
CONTROL SYSTEM COMMAND CENTER- An Air Traffic Tactical Operations
facility consisting of four operational units.
a. Central Flow Control Function (CFCF).
Responsible for coordination and approval of all major intercenter
flow control restrictions on a system basis in order to obtain
maximum utilization of the airspace.
(See QUOTA FLOW
CONTROL.)
b. Central Altitude Reservation Function (CARF).
Responsible for coordinating, planning, and approving special user
requirements under the Altitude Reservation (ALTRV) concept.
(See ALTITUDE RESERVATION.)
c. Airport Reservation Office (ARO).
Responsible for approving IFR flights at designated high density
traffic airports (John F. Kennedy, LaGuardia, O'Hare, and Ronald
Reagan Washington National) during specified hours.
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 93.)
(Refer to
AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.)
d. ATC Contingency Command Post. A
facility which enables the FAA to manage the ATC system when
significant portions of the system's capabilities have been lost or
are threatened.
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE-
A generic term meaning:
a. Flight Information Service.
b. Alerting Service.
c. Air Traffic Advisory Service.
d. Air Traffic Control Service:
1. Area Control Service,
2. Approach Control Service, or
3. Airport Control Service.
AIRBORNE DELAY- Amount
of delay to be encountered in airborne holding.
AIRCRAFT- Device(s) that are
used or intended to be used for flight in the air, and when used in
air traffic control terminology, may include the flight crew.
(See ICAO term AIRCRAFT.)
AIRCRAFT [ICAO]- Any
machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions
of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth's
surface.
AIRCRAFT
APPROACH CATEGORY- A grouping of aircraft based on a speed of 1.3
times the stall speed in the landing configuration at maximum gross
landing weight. An aircraft shall fit in only one category. If it is
necessary to maneuver at speeds in excess of the upper limit of a
speed range for a category, the minimums for the next higher category
should be used. For example, an aircraft which falls in Category A,
but is circling to land at a speed in excess of 91 knots, should use
the approach Category B minimums when circling to land. The categories
are as follows:
a. Category A- Speed less than 91 knots.
b. Category B- Speed 91 knots or more but
less than 121 knots.
c. Category C- Speed 121 knots or more but
less than 141 knots.
d. Category D- Speed 141 knots or more but
less than 166 knots.
e. Category E- Speed 166 knots or more.
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 97.)
AIRCRAFT CLASSES-
For the purposes of Wake Turbulence Separation Minima, ATC classifies
aircraft as Heavy, Large, and Small as follows:
a. Heavy- Aircraft capable of takeoff
weights of more than 255,000 pounds whether or not they are
operating at this weight during a particular phase of flight.
b. Large- Aircraft of more than 41,000
pounds, maximum certificated takeoff weight, up to 255,000 pounds.
c. Small- Aircraft of 41,000 pounds or
less maximum certificated takeoff weight.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRCRAFT CONFLICT-
Predicted conflict, within URET CCLD, of two aircraft, or between
aircraft and airspace. A Red alert is used for conflicts when the
predicted minimum separation is 5 nautical miles or less. A Yellow
alert is used when the predicted minimum separation is between 5 and
approximately 12 nautical miles. A Blue alert is used for conflicts
between an aircraft and predefined airspace.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL CORE CAPABILITY LIMITED DEPLOYMENT.)
AIRCRAFT LIST (ACL)-
A view available with URET CCLD that lists aircraft currently in or
predicted to be in a particular sector's airspace. The view contains
textual flight data information in line format and may be sorted into
various orders based on the specific needs of the sector team.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL CORE CAPABILITY LIMITED DEPLOYMENT.)
AIRCRAFT SURGE LAUNCH AND RECOVERY- Procedures used at USAF bases
to provide increased launch and recovery rates in instrument flight
rules conditions. ASLAR is based on:
a. Reduced separation between aircraft
which is based on time or distance. Standard arrival separation
applies between participants including multiple flights until the
DRAG point. The DRAG point is a published location on an ASLAR
approach where aircraft landing second in a formation slows to a
predetermined airspeed. The DRAG point is the reference point at
which MARSA applies as expanding elements effect separation within a
flight or between subsequent participating flights.
b. ASLAR procedures shall be covered in a
Letter of Agreement between the responsible USAF military ATC
facility and the concerned Federal Aviation Administration facility.
Initial Approach Fix spacing requirements are normally addressed as
a minimum.
AIRMEN'S METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION-
(See AIRMET.)
AIRMET-
In-flight weather advisories issued only to amend the area forecast
concerning weather phenomena which are of operational interest to all
aircraft and potentially hazardous to aircraft having limited
capability because of lack of equipment, instrumentation, or pilot
qualifications. AIRMETs concern weather of less severity than that
covered by SIGMETs or Convective SIGMETs. AIRMETs cover moderate
icing, moderate turbulence, sustained winds of 30 knots or more at the
surface, widespread areas of ceilings less than 1,000 feet and/or
visibility less than 3 miles, and extensive mountain obscurement.
(See AWW.)
(See CONVECTIVE
SIGMET.)
(See CWA.)
(See SIGMET.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT- An area on land or
water that is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff
of aircraft and includes its buildings and facilities, if any.
AIRPORT ADVISORY
AREA- The area within ten miles of an airport without a control
tower or where the tower is not in operation, and on which a Flight
Service Station is located.
(See LOCAL
AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT
ARRIVAL RATE (AAR)- A dynamic input parameter specifying the
number of arriving aircraft which an airport or airspace can accept
from the ARTCC per hour. The AAR is used to calculate the desired
interval between successive arrival aircraft.
AIRPORT
DEPARTURE RATE (ADR)- A dynamic parameter specifying the number of
aircraft which can depart an airport and the airspace can accept per
hour.
AIRPORT ELEVATION-
The highest point of an airport's usable runways measured in feet from
mean sea level.
(See TOUCHDOWN
ZONE ELEVATION.)
(See ICAO term AERODROME
ELEVATION.)
AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY- A publication designed primarily as a
pilot's operational manual containing all airports, seaplane bases,
and heliports open to the public including communications data,
navigational facilities, and certain special notices and procedures.
This publication is issued in seven volumes according to geographical
area.
AIRPORT LIGHTING-
Various lighting aids that may be installed on an airport. Types of
airport lighting include:
a. Approach Light System (ALS)- An airport
lighting facility which provides visual guidance to landing aircraft
by radiating light beams in a directional pattern by which the pilot
aligns the aircraft with the extended centerline of the runway on
his/her final approach for landing. Condenser-Discharge Sequential
Flashing Lights/Sequenced Flashing Lights may be installed in
conjunction with the ALS at some airports. Types of Approach Light
Systems are:
1. ALSF-1- Approach Light System with
Sequenced Flashing Lights in ILS Cat-I configuration.
2. ALSF-2- Approach Light System with
Sequenced Flashing Lights in ILS Cat-II configuration. The ALSF-2
may operate as an SSALR when weather conditions permit.
3. SSALF- Simplified Short Approach
Light System with Sequenced Flashing Lights.
4. SSALR- Simplified Short Approach
Light System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights.
5. MALSF- Medium Intensity Approach
Light System with Sequenced Flashing Lights.
6. MALSR- Medium Intensity Approach
Light System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights.
7. LDIN- Lead-in-light system- Consists
of one or more series of flashing lights installed at or near
ground level that provides positive visual guidance along an
approach path, either curving or straight, where special problems
exist with hazardous terrain, obstructions, or noise abatement
procedures.
8. RAIL- Runway Alignment Indicator
Lights- Sequenced Flashing Lights which are installed only in
combination with other light systems.
9. ODALS- Omnidirectional Approach
Lighting System consists of seven omnidirectional flashing lights
located in the approach area of a nonprecision runway. Five lights
are located on the runway centerline extended with the first light
located 300 feet from the threshold and extending at equal
intervals up to 1,500 feet from the threshold. The other two
lights are located, one on each side of the runway threshold, at a
lateral distance of 40 feet from the runway edge, or 75 feet from
the runway edge when installed on a runway equipped with a VASI.
(Refer to
FAAO 6850.2, VISUAL GUIDANCE LIGHTING SYSTEMS.)
b. Runway Lights/Runway Edge Lights-
Lights having a prescribed angle of emission used to define the
lateral limits of a runway. Runway lights are uniformly spaced at
intervals of approximately 200 feet, and the intensity may be
controlled or preset.
c. Touchdown Zone Lighting- Two rows of
transverse light bars located symmetrically about the runway
centerline normally at 100 foot intervals. The basic system extends
3,000 feet along the runway.
d. Runway Centerline Lighting- Flush
centerline lights spaced at 50-foot intervals beginning 75 feet from
the landing threshold and extending to within 75 feet of the
opposite end of the runway.
e. Threshold Lights- Fixed green lights
arranged symmetrically left and right of the runway centerline,
identifying the runway threshold.
f. Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)-
Two synchronized flashing lights, one on each side of the runway
threshold, which provide rapid and positive identification of the
approach end of a particular runway.
g. Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)-
An airport lighting facility providing vertical visual approach
slope guidance to aircraft during approach to landing by radiating a
directional pattern of high intensity red and white focused light
beams which indicate to the pilot that he/she is "on path" if he/she
sees red/white, "above path" if white/white, and "below path" if
red/red. Some airports serving large aircraft have three-bar VASIs
which provide two visual glide paths to the same runway.
h. Boundary Lights- Lights defining the
perimeter of an airport or landing area.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT MARKING AIDS-
Markings used on runway and taxiway surfaces to identify a specific
runway, a runway threshold, a centerline, a hold line, etc. A runway
should be marked in accordance with its present usage such as:
a. Visual.
b. Nonprecision instrument.
c. Precision instrument.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT MOVEMENT
AREA SAFETY SYSTEM (AMASS)- A software enhancement to ASDE radar
which provides logic predicting the path of aircraft landing and/or
departing, and aircraft and/or vehicular movements on runways. Visual
and aural alarms are activated when logic projects a potential
collision.
AIRPORT
REFERENCE POINT (ARP)- The approximate geometric center of all
usable runway surfaces.
AIRPORT
RESERVATION OFFICE- Office responsible for monitoring the
operation of the high density rule. Receives and processes requests
for IFR operations at high density traffic airports.
AIRPORT ROTATING
BEACON- A visual NAVAID operated at many airports. At civil
airports, alternating white and green flashes indicate the location of
the airport. At military airports, the beacons flash alternately white
and green, but are differentiated from civil beacons by dualpeaked
(two quick) white flashes between the green flashes.
(See INSTRUMENT
FLIGHT RULES.)
(See SPECIAL VFR
OPERATIONS.)
(See ICAO term AERODROME BEACON.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT SURFACE DETECTION EQUIPMENT- Radar equipment specifically
designed to detect all principal features on the surface of an
airport, including aircraft and vehicular traffic, and to present the
entire image on a radar indicator console in the control tower. Used
to augment visual observation by tower personnel of aircraft and/or
vehicular movements on runways and taxiways.
AIRPORT
SURVEILLANCE RADAR- Approach control radar used to detect and
display an aircraft's position in the terminal area. ASR provides
range and azimuth information but does not provide elevation data.
Coverage of the ASR can extend up to 60 miles.
AIRPORT TAXI CHARTS-
(See AERONAUTICAL CHART.)
AIRPORT
TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE- A service provided by a control tower for
aircraft operating on the movement area and in the vicinity of an
airport.
(See MOVEMENT AREA.)
(See TOWER.)
(See ICAO term AERODROME
CONTROL SERVICE.)
AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER-
(See TOWER.)
AIRSPACE CONFLICT-
Predicted conflict of an aircraft and active Special Activity Airspace
(SAA).
AIRSPACE HIERARCHY-
Within the airspace classes, there is a hierarchy and, in the event of
an overlap of airspace: Class A preempts Class B, Class B preempts
Class C, Class C preempts Class D, Class D preempts Class E, and Class
E preempts Class G.
AIRSPEED- The speed of an
aircraft relative to its surrounding air mass. The unqualified term
"airspeed" means one of the following:
a. Indicated Airspeed- The speed shown on
the aircraft airspeed indicator. This is the speed used in
pilot/controller communications under the general term "airspeed."
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 1.)
b. True Airspeed- The airspeed of an
aircraft relative to undisturbed air. Used primarily in flight
planning and en route portion of flight. When used in
pilot/controller communications, it is referred to as "true
airspeed" and not shortened to "airspeed."
AIRSTART- The starting of an
aircraft engine while the aircraft is airborne, preceded by engine
shutdown during training flights or by actual engine failure.
AIRWAY- A Class E airspace
area established in the form of a corridor, the centerline of which is
defined by radio navigational aids.
(See
FEDERAL AIRWAYS.)
(See ICAO term AIRWAY.)
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 71.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRWAY [ICAO]- A
control area or portion thereof established in the form of corridor
equipped with radio navigational aids.
AIRWAY BEACON- Used to
mark airway segments in remote mountain areas. The light flashes Morse
Code to identify the beacon site.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIT-
(See AUTOMATED INFORMATION
TRANSFER.)
ALERFA (Alert
Phase) [ICAO]- A situation wherein apprehension exists as to the
safety of an aircraft and its occupants.
ALERT- A notification to a
position that there is an aircraft-to-aircraft or aircraft-to-airspace
conflict, as detected by Automated Problem Detection (APD).
ALERT AREA-
(See SPECIAL USE
AIRSPACE.)
ALERT NOTICE- A request
originated by a flight service station (FSS) or an air route traffic
control center (ARTCC) for an extensive communication search for
overdue, unreported, or missing aircraft.
ALERTING SERVICE- A
service provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding
aircraft in need of search and rescue aid and assist such
organizations as required.
ALNOT-
(See ALERT NOTICE.)
ALONG TRACK
DISTANCE (LTD)- The distance measured from a point-in-space by
systems using area navigation reference capabilities that are not
subject to slant range errors.
ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY-
Letters and numerals used to show identification, altitude, beacon
code, and other information concerning a target on a radar display.
(See AUTOMATED RADAR
TERMINAL SYSTEMS.)
(See NAS STAGE A.)
ALTERNATE
AERODROME [ICAO]- An aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed
when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to
land at the aerodrome of intended landing.
Note: The
aerodrome from which a flight departs may also be an en-route or a
destination alternate aerodrome for the flight.
ALTERNATE AIRPORT-
An airport at which an aircraft may land if a landing at the intended
airport becomes inadvisable.
(See ICAO term ALTERNATE
AERODROME.)
ALTIMETER SETTING-
The barometric pressure reading used to adjust a pressure altimeter
for variations in existing atmospheric pressure or to the standard
altimeter setting (29.92).
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ALTITUDE- The height of a
level, point, or object measured in feet Above Ground Level (AGL) or
from Mean Sea Level (MSL).
(See FLIGHT LEVEL.)
a. MSL Altitude- Altitude expressed in
feet measured from mean sea level.
b. AGL Altitude- Altitude expressed in
feet measured above ground level.
c. Indicated Altitude- The altitude as
shown by an altimeter. On a pressure or barometric altimeter it is
altitude as shown uncorrected for instrument error and uncompensated
for variation from standard atmospheric conditions.
(See ICAO term ALTITUDE.)
ALTITUDE [ICAO]- The
vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a
point, measured from mean sea level (MSL).
ALTITUDE READOUT-
An aircraft's altitude, transmitted via the Mode C transponder
feature, that is visually displayed in 100-foot increments on a radar
scope having readout capability.
(See ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY.)
(See AUTOMATED RADAR
TERMINAL SYSTEMS.)
(See NAS STAGE A.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ALTITUDE RESERVATION-
Airspace utilization under prescribed conditions normally employed for
the mass movement of aircraft or other special user requirements which
cannot otherwise be accomplished. ALTRVs are approved by the
appropriate FAA facility.
(See AIR TRAFFIC
CONTROL SYSTEM COMMAND CENTER.)
ALTITUDE RESTRICTION-
An altitude or altitudes, stated in the order flown, which are to be
maintained until reaching a specific point or time. Altitude
restrictions may be issued by ATC due to traffic, terrain, or other
airspace considerations.
ALTITUDE RESTRICTIONS ARE CANCELED- Adherence to
previously imposed altitude restrictions is no longer required during
a climb or descent.
ALTRV-
(See ALTITUDE RESERVATION.)
AMASS-
(See AIRPORT
MOVEMENT AREA SAFETY SYSTEM.)
AMVER-
(See
AUTOMATED MUTUAL-ASSISTANCE VESSEL RESCUE SYSTEM.)
APB-
(See AUTOMATED
PROBLEM DETECTION BOUNDARY.)
APD-
(See AUTOMATED PROBLEM
DETECTION.)
APDIA-
(See
AUTOMATED PROBLEM DETECTION INHIBITED AREA.)
APPROACH CLEARANCE-
Authorization by ATC for a pilot to conduct an instrument approach.
The type of instrument approach for which a clearance and other
pertinent information is provided in the approach clearance when
required.
(See CLEARED
APPROACH.)
(See
INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
APPROACH
CONTROL FACILITY- A terminal ATC facility that provides approach
control service in a terminal area.
(See APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE.)
(See
RADAR APPROACH CONTROL FACILITY.)
APPROACH CONTROL
SERVICE- Air traffic control service provided by an approach
control facility for arriving and departing VFR/IFR aircraft and, on
occasion, en route aircraft. At some airports not served by an
approach control facility, the ARTCC provides limited approach control
service.
(See ICAO term APPROACH
CONTROL SERVICE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
APPROACH
CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air traffic control service for arriving
or departing controlled flights.
APPROACH GATE- An
imaginary point used within ATC as a basis for vectoring aircraft to
the final approach course. The gate will be established along the
final approach course 1 mile from the final approach fix on the side
away from the airport and will be no closer than 5 miles from the
landing threshold.
APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM-
(See AIRPORT LIGHTING.)
APPROACH SEQUENCE-
The order in which aircraft are positioned while on approach or
awaiting approach clearance.
(See LANDING
SEQUENCE.)
(See ICAO term APPROACH SEQUENCE.)
APPROACH
SEQUENCE [ICAO]- The order in which two or more aircraft are
cleared to approach to land at the aerodrome.
APPROACH SPEED-
The recommended speed contained in aircraft manuals used by
pilots when making an approach to landing. This speed will vary for
different segments of an approach as well as for aircraft weight and
configuration.
APPROPRIATE ATS AUTHORITY [ICAO]- The relevant authority
designated by the State responsible for providing air traffic services
in the airspace concerned. In the United States, the "appropriate ATS
authority" is the Program Director for Air Traffic Planning and
Procedures, ATP-1.
APPROPRIATE
AUTHORITY-
a. Regarding flight over the high seas:
the relevant authority is the State of Registry.
b. Regarding flight over other than the
high seas: the relevant authority is the State having sovereignty
over the territory being overflown.
APPROPRIATE
OBSTACLE CLEARANCE MINIMUM ALTITUDE- Any of the following:
(See
Minimum En Route Altitude- MEA.)
(See Minimum IFR
Altitude- MIA.)
(See Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude- MOCA.)
(See Minimum
Vectoring Altitude- MVA.)
APPROPRIATE
TERRAIN CLEARANCE MINIMUM ALTITUDE- Any of the following:
(See
Minimum En Route Altitude- MEA.)
(See Minimum IFR
Altitude- MIA.)
(See Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude- MOCA.)
(See Minimum
Vectoring Altitude- MVA.)
APRON- A defined area on an
airport or heliport intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of
loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or
maintenance. With regard to seaplanes, a ramp is used for access to
the apron from the water.
(See ICAO term APRON.)
APRON [ICAO]- A defined
area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for
purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, refueling,
parking or maintenance.
ARC- The track over the ground of
an aircraft flying at a constant distance from a navigational aid by
reference to distance measuring equipment (DME).
AREA CONTROL
CENTER [ICAO]- An air traffic control facility primarily
responsible for ATC services being provided IFR aircraft during the en
route phase of flight. The U.S. equivalent facility is an air route
traffic control center (ARTCC).
AREA NAVIGATION- Area
Navigation (RNAV) provides enhanced navigational capability to the
pilot. RNAV equipment can compute the airplane position, actual track
and ground speed and then provide meaningful information relative to a
route of flight selected by the pilot. Typical equipment will provide
the pilot with distance, time, bearing and crosstrack error relative
to the selected "TO" or "active" waypoint and the selected route.
Several distinctly different navigational systems with different
navigational performance characteristics are capable of providing area
navigational functions. Present day RNAV includes INS, LORAN, VOR/DME,
and GPS systems. Modern multi-sensor systems can integrate one or more
of the above systems to provide a more accurate and reliable
navigational system. Due to the different levels of performance, area
navigational capabilities can satisfy different levels of required
navigational performance (RNP). The major types of equipment are:
a. VORTAC referenced or Course Line
Computer (CLC) systems, which account for the greatest number of
RNAV units in use. To function, the CLC must be within the service
range of a VORTAC.
b. OMEGA/VLF, although two separate
systems, can be considered as one operationally. A long-range
navigation system based upon Very Low Frequency radio signals
transmitted from a total of 17 stations worldwide.
c. Inertial (INS) systems, which are
totally self- contained and require no information from external
references. They provide aircraft position and navigation
information in response to signals resulting from inertial effects
on components within the system.
d. MLS Area Navigation (MLS/RNAV), which
provides area navigation with reference to an MLS ground facility.
e. LORAN-C is a long-range radio
navigation system that uses ground waves transmitted at low
frequency to provide user position information at ranges of up to
600 to 1,200 nautical miles at both en route and approach altitudes.
The usable signal coverage areas are determined by the
signal-to-noise ratio, the envelope-to-cycle difference, and the
geometric relationship between the positions of the user and the
transmitting stations.
f. GPS is a space-base radio positioning,
navigation, and time-transfer system. The system provides highly
accurate position and velocity information, and precise time, on a
continuous global basis, to an unlimited number of properly equipped
users. The system is unaffected by weather, and provides a worldwide
common grid reference system.
(See ICAO term AREA NAVIGATION.)
AREA NAVIGATION [ICAO]-
A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired
flight path within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids
or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a
combination of these.
AREA
NAVIGATION (RNAV) APPROACH CONFIGURATION:
a. STANDARD T- An RNAV approach whose
design allows direct flight to any one of three initial approach
fixes (IAF) and eliminates the need for procedure turns. The
standard design is to align the procedure on the extended centerline
with the missed approach point (MAP) at the runway threshold, the
final approach fix (FAF), and the initial approach/intermediate fix
(IAF/IF). The other two IAFs will be established perpendicular to
the IF.
b. MODIFIED T- An RNAV approach design for
single or multiple runways where terrain or operational constraints
do not allow for the standard T. The "T" may be modified by
increasing or decreasing the angle from the corner IAF(s) to the IF
or by eliminating one or both corner IAFs.
c. STANDARD I- An RNAV approach design for
a single runway with both corner IAFs eliminated. Course reversal or
radar vectoring may be required at busy terminals with multiple
runways.
d. TERMINAL ARRIVAL AREA (TAA)- The TAA is
controlled airspace established in conjunction with the Standard or
Modified T and I RNAV approach configurations. In the standard TAA,
there are three areas: straight-in, left base, and right base. The
arc boundaries of the three areas of the TAA are published portions
of the approach and allow aircraft to transition from the en route
structure direct to the nearest IAF. TAAs will also eliminate or
reduce feeder routes, departure extensions, and procedure turns or
course reversal.
1. STRAIGHT-IN AREA- A 30NM arc centered
on the IF bounded by a straight line extending through the IF
perpendicular to the intermediate course.
2. LEFT BASE AREA- A 30NM arc centered
on the right corner IAF. The area shares a boundary with the
straight-in area except that it extends out for 30NM from the IAF
and is bounded on the other side by a line extending from the IF
through the FAF to the arc.
3. RIGHT BASE AREA- A 30NM arc centered
on the left corner IAF. The area shares a boundary with the
straight-in area except that it extends out for 30NM from the IAF
and is bounded on the other side by a line extending from the IF
through the FAF to the arc.
ARINC- An acronym for
Aeronautical Radio, Inc., a corporation largely owned by a group of
airlines. ARINC is licensed by the FCC as an aeronautical station and
contracted by the FAA to provide communications support for air
traffic control and meteorological services in portions of
international airspace.
ARMY AVIATION
FLIGHT INFORMATION BULLETIN- A bulletin that provides air
operation data covering Army, National Guard, and Army Reserve
aviation activities.
ARO-
(See AIRPORT RESERVATION
OFFICE.)
ARRESTING SYSTEM- A
safety device consisting of two major components, namely, engaging or
catching devices and energy absorption devices for the purpose of
arresting both tailhook and/or nontailhook-equipped aircraft. It is
used to prevent aircraft from overrunning runways when the aircraft
cannot be stopped after landing or during aborted takeoff. Arresting
systems have various names; e.g., arresting gear, hook device, wire
barrier cable.
(See ABORT.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ARRIVAL
AIRCRAFT INTERVAL- An internally generated program in hundredths
of minutes based upon the AAR. AAI is the desired optimum interval
between successive arrival aircraft over the vertex.
ARRIVAL CENTER- The
ARTCC having jurisdiction for the impacted airport.
ARRIVAL DELAY- A
parameter which specifies a period of time in which no aircraft will
be metered for arrival at the specified airport.
ARRIVAL SECTOR- An
operational control sector containing one or more meter fixes.
ARRIVAL
SECTOR ADVISORY LIST- An ordered list of data on arrivals
displayed at the PVD/MDM of the sector which controls the meter fix.
ARRIVAL
SEQUENCING PROGRAM- The automated program designed to assist in
sequencing aircraft destined for the same airport.
ARRIVAL
STREAM FILTER (ASF)- An on/off filter that allows the conflict
notification function to be inhibited for arrival streams into single
or multiple airports to prevent nuisance alerts.
ARRIVAL TIME- The time
an aircraft touches down on arrival.
ARSR-
(See AIR ROUTE SURVEILLANCE
RADAR.)
ARTCC-
(See AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC
CONTROL CENTER.)
ARTS-
(See AUTOMATED RADAR
TERMINAL SYSTEMS.)
ASDA-
(See ACCELERATE-STOP
DISTANCE AVAILABLE.)
ASDA [ICAO]-
(See ICAO Term
ACCELERATE-STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE.)
ASDE-
(See AIRPORT SURFACE
DETECTION EQUIPMENT.)
ASF-
(See ARRIVAL STREAM FILTER.)
ASLAR-
(See AIRCRAFT SURGE
LAUNCH AND RECOVERY.)
ASP-
(See ARRIVAL SEQUENCING
PROGRAM.)
ASR-
(See AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE
RADAR.)
ASR APPROACH-
(See SURVEILLANCE
APPROACH.)
ATC-
(See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL.)
ATC ADVISES- Used to
prefix a message of noncontrol information when it is relayed to an
aircraft by other than an air traffic controller.
(See ADVISORY.)
ATC ASSIGNED
AIRSPACE- Airspace of defined vertical/lateral limits, assigned by
ATC, for the purpose of providing air traffic segregation between the
specified activities being conducted within the assigned airspace and
other IFR air traffic.
(See SPECIAL USE
AIRSPACE.)
ATC CLEARANCE-
(See AIR TRAFFIC CLEARANCE.)
ATC CLEARS- Used to prefix
an ATC clearance when it is relayed to an aircraft by other than an
air traffic controller.
ATC INSTRUCTIONS-
Directives issued by air traffic control for the purpose of requiring
a pilot to take specific actions; e.g., "Turn left heading two five
zero," "Go around," "Clear the runway."
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
ATC
PREFERRED ROUTE NOTIFICATION- URET CCLD notification to the
appropriate controller of the need to determine if an ATC preferred
route needs to be applied, based on destination airport.
(See ROUTE
ACTION NOTIFICATION.)
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL CORE CAPABILITY LIMITED DEPLOYMENT.)
ATC PREFERRED ROUTES-
Preferred routes that are not automatically applied by Host.
ATC REQUESTS- Used to
prefix an ATC request when it is relayed to an aircraft by other than
an air traffic controller.
ATCAA-
(See ATC ASSIGNED AIRSPACE.)
ATCRBS-
(See RADAR.)
ATCSCC-
(See AIR TRAFFIC
CONTROL SYSTEM COMMAND CENTER.)
ATCSCC DELAY FACTOR-
The amount of delay calculated to be assigned prior to departure.
ATCT-
(See TOWER.)
ATIS-
(See AUTOMATIC
TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE.)
ATIS [ICAO]-
(See ICAO
Term AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE.)
ATS Route [ICAO]- A
specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as
necessary for the provision of air traffic services.
Note: The
term "ATS Route" is used to mean variously, airway, advisory route,
controlled or uncontrolled route, arrival or departure, etc.
ATTS-
(See AUTOMATED
TERMINAL TRACKING SYSTEM.)
AUTOLAND APPROACH-
An autoland approach is a precision instrument approach to touchdown
and, in some cases, through the landing rollout. An autoland approach
is performed by the aircraft autopilot which is receiving position
information and/or steering commands from onboard navigation
equipment.
Note:
Autoland and coupled approaches are flown in VFR and IFR. It is common
for carriers to require their crews to fly coupled approaches and
autoland approaches (if certified) when the weather conditions are
less than approximately 4,000 RVR.
(See COUPLED
APPROACH.)
AUTOMATED
INFORMATION TRANSFER- A precoordinated process, specifically
defined in facility directives, during which a transfer of altitude
control and/or radar identification is accomplished without verbal
coordination between controllers using information communicated in a
full data block.
AUTOMATED
MUTUAL-ASSISTANCE VESSEL RESCUE SYSTEM- A facility which can
deliver, in a matter of minutes, a surface picture (SURPIC) of vessels
in the area of a potential or actual search and rescue incident,
including their predicted positions and their characteristics.
(See FAAO
7110.65, Para 10-6-4, INFLIGHT CONTINGENCIES.)
AUTOMATED PROBLEM DETECTION (APD)- An Automation Processing
capability that compares trajectories in order to predict conflicts.
AUTOMATED PROBLEM
DETECTION BOUNDARY (APB)- The adapted distance beyond a facilities
boundary defining the airspace within which URET CCLD performs
conflict detection.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL CORE CAPABILITY LIMITED DEPLOYMENT.)
AUTOMATED
PROBLEM DETECTION INHIBITED AREA (APDIA)- Airspace surrounding a
terminal area within which APD is inhibited for all flights within
that airspace.
AUTOMATED RADAR TERMINAL SYSTEMS- The generic term for the
ultimate in functional capability afforded by several automation
systems. Each differs in functional capabilities and equipment. ARTS
plus a suffix roman numeral denotes a specific system. A following
letter indicates a major modification to that system. In general, an
ARTS displays for the terminal controller aircraft identification,
flight plan data, other flight associated information; e.g., altitude,
speed, and aircraft position symbols in conjunction with his/her radar
presentation. Normal radar co-exists with the alphanumeric display. In
addition to enhancing visualization of the air traffic situation, ARTS
facilitate intra/inter-facility transfer and coordination of flight
information. These capabilities are enabled by specially designed
computers and subsystems tailored to the radar and communications
equipments and operational requirements of each automated facility.
Modular design permits adoption of improvements in computer software
and electronic technologies as they become available while retaining
the characteristics unique to each system.
a. ARTS II. A programmable nontracking,
computer-aided display subsystem capable of modular expansion. ARTS
II systems provide a level of automated air traffic control
capability at terminals having low to medium activity. Flight
identification and altitude may be associated with the display of
secondary radar targets. The system has the capability of
communicating with ARTCCs and other ARTS II, IIA, III, and IIIA
facilities.
b. ARTS IIA. A programmable radar-tracking
computer subsystem capable of modular expansion. The ARTS IIA
detects, tracks, and predicts secondary radar targets. The targets
are displayed by means of computer-generated symbols, ground speed,
and flight plan data. Although it does not track primary radar
targets, they are displayed coincident with the secondary radar as
well as the symbols and alphanumerics. The system has the capability
of communicating with ARTCCs and other ARTS II, IIA, III, and IIIA
facilities.
c. ARTS III. The Beacon Tracking Level of
the modular programmable automated radar terminal system in use at
medium to high activity terminals. ARTS III detects, tracks, and
predicts secondary radar-derived aircraft targets. These are
displayed by means of computer-generated symbols and alphanumeric
characters depicting flight identification, aircraft altitude,
ground speed, and flight plan data. Although it does not track
primary targets, they are displayed coincident with the secondary
radar as well as the symbols and alphanumerics. The system has the
capability of communicating with ARTCCs and other ARTS III
facilities.
d. ARTS IIIA. The Radar Tracking and
Beacon Tracking Level (RT&BTL) of the modular, programmable
automated radar terminal system. ARTS IIIA detects, tracks, and
predicts primary as well as secondary radar-derived aircraft
targets. This more sophisticated computer-driven system upgrades the
existing ARTS III system by providing improved tracking, continuous
data recording, and fail-soft capabilities.
AUTOMATED TERMINAL
TRACKING SYSTEM (ATTS)- ATTS is used to identify the numerous
tracking systems including ARTS IIA, ARTS IIE, ARTS IIIA, ARTS IIIE,
STARS, and M-EARTS.
AUTOMATED UNICOM-
Provides completely automated weather, radio check capability and
airport advisory information on an Automated UNICOM system. These
systems offer a variety of features, typically selectable by
microphone clicks, on the UNICOM frequency. Availability will be
published in the Airport/Facility Directory and approach charts.
AUTOMATIC ALTITUDE REPORT-
(See ALTITUDE READOUT.)
AUTOMATIC
ALTITUDE REPORTING- That function of a transponder which responds
to Mode C interrogations by transmitting the aircraft's altitude in
100-foot increments.
AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING SYSTEM- U.S. Navy final approach
equipment consisting of precision tracking radar coupled to a computer
data link to provide continuous information to the aircraft,
monitoring capability to the pilot, and a backup approach system.
AUTOMATIC
DIRECTION FINDER- An aircraft radio navigation system which senses
and indicates the direction to a L/MF nondirectional radio beacon (NDB)
ground transmitter. Direction is indicated to the pilot as a magnetic
bearing or as a relative bearing to the longitudinal axis of the
aircraft depending on the type of indicator installed in the aircraft.
In certain applications, such as military, ADF operations may be based
on airborne and ground transmitters in the VHF/UHF frequency spectrum.
(See BEARING.)
(See NONDIRECTIONAL BEACON.)
AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE- The continuous broadcast
of recorded noncontrol information in selected terminal areas. Its
purpose is to improve controller effectiveness and to relieve
frequency congestion by automating the repetitive transmission of
essential but routine information; e.g., "Los Angeles information
Alfa. One three zero zero Coordinated Universal Time. Weather,
measured ceiling two thousand overcast, visibility three, haze, smoke,
temperature seven one, dew point five seven, wind two five zero at
five, altimeter two niner niner six. I-L-S Runway Two Five Left
approach in use, Runway Two Five Right closed, advise you have Alfa."
(See ICAO
term AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AUTOMATIC
TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE [ICAO]- The provision of current,
routine information to arriving and departing aircraft by means of
continuous and repetitive broadcasts throughout the day or a specified
portion of the day.
AUTOROTATION- A
rotorcraft flight condition in which the lifting rotor is driven
entirely by action of the air when the rotorcraft is in motion.
a. Autorotative Landing/Touchdown
Autorotation. Used by a pilot to indicate that the landing will be
made without applying power to the rotor.
b. Low Level Autorotation. Commences at an
altitude well below the traffic pattern, usually below 100 feet AGL
and is used primarily for tactical military training.
c. 180 degrees Autorotation. Initiated
from a downwind heading and is commenced well inside the normal
traffic pattern. "Go around" may not be possible during the latter
part of this maneuver.
AVAILABLE LANDING DISTANCE (ALD)- The portion of a runway
available for landing and roll-out for aircraft cleared for LAHSO.
This distance is measured from the landing threshold to the hold-
short point.
AVIATION WEATHER
SERVICE- A service provided by the National Weather Service (NWS)
and FAA which collects and disseminates pertinent weather information
for pilots, aircraft operators, and ATC. Available aviation weather
reports and forecasts are displayed at each NWS office and FAA FSS.
(See
EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY SERVICE.)
(See
TRANSCRIBED WEATHER BROADCAST.)
(See WEATHER
ADVISORY.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AWW-
(See
SEVERE WEATHER FORECAST ALERTS.)
AZIMUTH (MLS)- A
magnetic bearing extending from an MLS navigation facility.
Note:
Azimuth bearings are described as magnetic and are referred to as
"azimuth" in radio telephone communications. |
AVIATION LIBRARY
