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A
AAI-
(See ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT INTERVAL.)
AAR-
(See AIRPORT ARRIVAL RATE.)
ABBREVIATED
IFR FLIGHT PLANS- An authorization by ATC requiring pilots to
submit only that information needed for the purpose of ATC. It
includes only a small portion of the usual IFR flight plan
information. In certain instances, this may be only aircraft
identification, location, and pilot request. Other information may be
requested if needed by ATC for separation/control purposes. It is
frequently used by aircraft which are airborne and desire an
instrument approach or by aircraft which are on the ground and desire
a climb to VFR-on-top.
(See VFR-ON-TOP.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ABEAM- An
aircraft is "abeam" a fix, point, or object when that fix, point, or
object is approximately 90 degrees to the right or left of the
aircraft track. Abeam indicates a general position rather than a
precise point.
ABORT- To
terminate a preplanned aircraft maneuver; e.g., an aborted takeoff.
ACC [ICAO]-
(See ICAO term AREA CONTROL
CENTER.)
ACCELERATE-STOP DISTANCE AVAILABLE- The runway plus stopway length
declared available and suitable for the acceleration and deceleration
of an airplane aborting a takeoff.
ACCELERATE-STOP
DISTANCE AVAILABLE [ICAO]- The length of the take-off run
available plus the length of the stopway if provided.
ACDO-
(See AIR CARRIER DISTRICT
OFFICE.)
ACKNOWLEDGE-
Let me know that you have received my message.
(See ICAO term ACKNOWLEDGE.)
ACKNOWLEDGE [ICAO]-
Let me know that you have received and understood this message.
ACL-
(See AIRCRAFT LIST.)
ACLS-
(See AUTOMATIC CARRIER
LANDING SYSTEM.)
ACLT-
(See ACTUAL CALCULATED
LANDING TIME.)
ACROBATIC FLIGHT- An
intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in an aircraft's
attitude, an abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not necessary
for normal flight.
(See ICAO term ACROBATIC FLIGHT.)
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
ACROBATIC FLIGHT
[ICAO]- Maneuvers intentionally performed by an aircraft involving
an abrupt change in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an abnormal
variation in speed.
ACTIVE RUNWAY-
(See RUNWAY IN USE/ACTIVE RUNWAY/DUTY RUNWAY.)
ACTUAL
CALCULATED LANDING TIME- ACLT is a flight's frozen calculated
landing time. An actual time determined at freeze calculated landing
time (FCLT) or meter list display interval (MLDI) for the adapted
vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon runway configuration,
airport acceptance rate, airport arrival delay period, and other
metered arrival aircraft. This time is either the vertex time of
arrival (VTA) of the aircraft or the tentative calculated landing time
(TCLT)/ACLT of the previous aircraft plus the arrival aircraft
interval (AAI), whichever is later. This time will not be updated in
response to the aircraft's progress.
ACTUAL NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE (ANP)-
(See REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE.)
ADDITIONAL SERVICES-
Advisory information provided by ATC which includes but is not limited
to the following:
a. Traffic advisories.
b. Vectors, when requested by the pilot,
to assist aircraft receiving traffic advisories to avoid observed
traffic.
c. Altitude deviation information of 300
feet or more from an assigned altitude as observed on a verified
(reading correctly) automatic altitude readout (Mode C).
d. Advisories that traffic is no longer a
factor.
e. Weather and chaff information.
f. Weather assistance.
g. Bird activity information.
h. Holding pattern surveillance.
Additional services are provided to the extent possible contingent
only upon the controller's capability to fit them into the
performance of higher priority duties and on the basis of
limitations of the radar, volume of traffic, frequency congestion,
and controller workload. The controller has complete discretion for
determining if he/she is able to provide or continue to provide a
service in a particular case. The controller's reason not to provide
or continue to provide a service in a particular case is not subject
to question by the pilot and need not be made known to him/her.
(See TRAFFIC
ADVISORIES.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ADF-
(See AUTOMATIC DIRECTION
FINDER.)
ADIZ-
(See AIR DEFENSE
IDENTIFICATION ZONE.)
ADLY-
(See ARRIVAL DELAY.)
ADMINISTRATOR- The
Federal Aviation Administrator or any person to whom he/she has
delegated his/her authority in the matter concerned.
ADR-
(See AIRPORT DEPARTURE RATE.)
ADVISE INTENTIONS-
Tell me what you plan to do.
ADVISORY- Advice and
information provided to assist pilots in the safe conduct of flight
and aircraft movement.
(See ADVISORY SERVICE.)
ADVISORY FREQUENCY-
The appropriate frequency to be used for Airport Advisory Service.
(See LOCAL
AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
(See UNICOM.)
(Refer to
ADVISORY CIRCULAR NO. 90-42.)
(Refer to AIM.)
ADVISORY SERVICE-
Advice and information provided by a facility to assist pilots in the
safe conduct of flight and aircraft movement.
(See ADDITIONAL SERVICES.)
(See
EN ROUTE FLIGHT ADVISORY SERVICE.)
(See LOCAL
AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
(See RADAR ADVISORY.)
(See SAFETY ALERT.)
(See TRAFFIC
ADVISORIES.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AERIAL REFUELING- A
procedure used by the military to transfer fuel from one aircraft to
another during flight.
(Refer to
VFR/IFR Wall Planning Charts.)
AERODROME- A defined area
on land or water (including any buildings, installations and
equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the
arrival, departure, and movement of aircraft.
AERODROME BEACON
[ICAO]- Aeronautical beacon used to indicate the location of an
aerodrome from the air.
AERODROME CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- Air traffic control service for
aerodrome traffic.
AERODROME
CONTROL TOWER [ICAO]- A unit established to provide air traffic
control service to aerodrome traffic.
AERODROME
ELEVATION [ICAO]- The elevation of the highest point of the
landing area.
AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT [ICAO]- The specified path to be flown
by aircraft operating in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
AERONAUTICAL BEACON-
A visual NAVAID displaying flashes of white and/or colored light to
indicate the location of an airport, a heliport, a landmark, a certain
point of a Federal airway in mountainous terrain, or an obstruction.
(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AERONAUTICAL CHART-
A map used in air navigation containing all or part of the following:
topographic features, hazards and obstructions, navigation aids,
navigation routes, designated airspace, and airports. Commonly used
aeronautical charts are:
a. Sectional Aeronautical Charts
(1:500,000)- Designed for visual navigation of slow or medium speed
aircraft. Topographic information on these charts features the
portrayal of relief and a judicious selection of visual check points
for VFR flight. Aeronautical information includes visual and radio
aids to navigation, airports, controlled airspace, restricted areas,
obstructions, and related data.
b. VFR Terminal Area Charts (1:250,000)-
Depict Class B airspace which provides for the control or
segregation of all the aircraft within Class B airspace. The chart
depicts topographic information and aeronautical information which
includes visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, controlled
airspace, restricted areas, obstructions, and related data.
c. World Aeronautical Charts (WAC)
(1:1,000,000)- Provide a standard series of aeronautical charts
covering land areas of the world at a size and scale convenient for
navigation by moderate speed aircraft. Topographic information
includes cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinctive
landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical information includes
visual and radio aids to navigation, airports, airways, restricted
areas, obstructions, and other pertinent data.
d. En Route Low Altitude Charts- Provide
aeronautical information for en route instrument navigation (IFR) in
the low altitude stratum. Information includes the portrayal of
airways, limits of controlled airspace, position identification and
frequencies of radio aids, selected airports, minimum en route and
minimum obstruction clearance altitudes, airway distances, reporting
points, restricted areas, and related data. Area charts, which are a
part of this series, furnish terminal data at a larger scale in
congested areas.
e. En Route High Altitude Charts- Provide
aeronautical information for en route instrument navigation (IFR) in
the high altitude stratum. Information includes the portrayal of jet
routes, identification and frequencies of radio aids, selected
airports, distances, time zones, special use airspace, and related
information.
f. Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP)
Charts- Portray the aeronautical data which is required to execute
an instrument approach to an airport. These charts depict the
procedures, including all related data, and the airport diagram.
Each procedure is designated for use with a specific type of
electronic navigation system including NDB, TACAN, VOR, ILS/MLS, and
RNAV. These charts are identified by the type of navigational aid(s)
which provide final approach guidance.
g. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP)
Charts- Designed to expedite clearance delivery and to facilitate
transition between takeoff and en route operations. Each DP is
presented as a separate chart and may serve a single airport or more
than one airport in a given geographical location.
h. Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR)
Charts- Designed to expedite air traffic control arrival procedures
and to facilitate transition between en route and instrument
approach operations. Each STAR procedure is presented as a separate
chart and may serve a single airport or more than one airport in a
given geographical location.
i. Airport Taxi Charts- Designed to
expedite the efficient and safe flow of ground traffic at an
airport. These charts are identified by the official airport name;
e.g., Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.
(See ICAO term AERONAUTICAL
CHART.)
AERONAUTICAL
CHART [ICAO]- A representation of a portion of the earth, its
culture and relief, specifically designated to meet the requirements
of air navigation.
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION MANUAL (AIM)- A primary FAA publication
whose purpose is to instruct airmen about operating in the National
Airspace System of the U.S. It provides basic flight information, ATC
Procedures and general instructional information concerning health,
medical facts, factors affecting flight safety, accident and hazard
reporting, and types of aeronautical charts and their use.
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION (AIP) [ICAO]- A publication
issued by or with the authority of a State and containing aeronautical
information of a lasting character essential to air navigation.
A/FD-
(See AIRPORT/FACILITY
DIRECTORY.)
AFFIRMATIVE-
Yes.
AIM-
(See AERONAUTICAL
INFORMATION MANUAL.)
AIP [ICAO]-
(See ICAO
term AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION.)
AIR CARRIER
DISTRICT OFFICE- An FAA field office serving an assigned
geographical area, staffed with Flight Standards personnel serving the
aviation industry and the general public on matters related to the
certification and operation of scheduled air carriers and other large
aircraft operations.
AIR DEFENSE
EMERGENCY- A military emergency condition declared by a designated
authority. This condition exists when an attack upon the continental
U.S., Alaska, Canada, or U.S. installations in Greenland by hostile
aircraft or missiles is considered probable, is imminent, or is taking
place.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR
DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE- The area of airspace over land or
water, extending upward from the surface, within which the ready
identification, the location, and the control of aircraft are required
in the interest of national security.
a. Domestic Air Defense Identification
Zone. An ADIZ within the United States along an international
boundary of the United States.
b. Coastal Air Defense Identification
Zone. An ADIZ over the coastal waters of the United States.
c. Distant Early Warning Identification
Zone (DEWIZ). An ADIZ over the coastal waters of the State of
Alaska.
Note:
ADIZ locations and operating and flight plan requirements for civil
aircraft operations are specified in 14 CFR Part 99.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR NAVIGATION
FACILITY- Any facility used in, available for use in, or designed
for use in, aid of air navigation, including landing areas, lights,
any apparatus or equipment for disseminating weather information, for
signaling, for radio-directional finding, or for radio or other
electrical communication, and any other structure or mechanism having
a similar purpose for guiding or controlling flight in the air or the
landing and takeoff of aircraft.
(See NAVIGATIONAL
AID.)
AIR ROUTE
SURVEILLANCE RADAR- Air route traffic control center (ARTCC) radar
used primarily to detect and display an aircraft's position while en
route between terminal areas. The ARSR enables controllers to provide
radar air traffic control service when aircraft are within the ARSR
coverage. In some instances, ARSR may enable an ARTCC to provide
terminal radar services similar to but usually more limited than those
provided by a radar approach control.
AIR
ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER- A facility established to provide
air traffic control service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans
within controlled airspace and principally during the en route phase
of flight. When equipment capabilities and controller workload permit,
certain advisory/assistance services may be provided to VFR aircraft.
(See EN ROUTE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICES.)
(See NAS STAGE A.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIR TAXI- Used to describe a
helicopter/VTOL aircraft movement conducted above the surface but
normally not above 100 feet AGL. The aircraft may proceed either via
hover taxi or flight at speeds more than 20 knots. The pilot is solely
responsible for selecting a safe airspeed/altitude for the operation
being conducted.
(See HOVER TAXI.)
(Refer to
AIM.)
AIR TRAFFIC- Aircraft
operating in the air or on an airport surface, exclusive of loading
ramps and parking areas.
(See ICAO term AIR TRAFFIC.)
AIR TRAFFIC [ICAO]-
All aircraft in flight or operating on the maneuvering area of an
aerodrome.
AIR TRAFFIC
CLEARANCE- An authorization by air traffic control for the purpose
of preventing collision between known aircraft, for an aircraft to
proceed under specified traffic conditions within controlled airspace.
The pilot-in-command of an aircraft may not deviate from the
provisions of a visual flight rules (VFR) or instrument flight rules (IFR)
air traffic clearance except in an emergency or unless an amended
clearance has been obtained. Additionally, the pilot may request a
different clearance from that which has been issued by air traffic
control (ATC) if information available to the pilot makes another
course of action more practicable or if aircraft equipment limitations
or company procedures forbid compliance with the clearance issued.
Pilots may also request clarification or amendment, as appropriate,
any time a clearance is not fully understood, or considered
unacceptable because of safety of flight. Controllers should, in such
instances and to the extent of operational practicality and safety,
honor the pilot's request. 14 CFR Part 91.3(a) states: "The pilot in
command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final
authority as to, the operation of that aircraft." THE PILOT IS
RESPONSIBLE TO REQUEST AN AMENDED CLEARANCE if ATC issues a clearance
that would cause a pilot to deviate from a rule or regulation, or in
the pilot's opinion, would place the aircraft in jeopardy.
(See ATC INSTRUCTIONS.)
(See ICAO term AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE.)
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL-
A service operated by appropriate authority to promote the safe,
orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic.
(See ICAO term AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE.)
AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE [ICAO]- Authorization for an aircraft to
proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit.
Note 1:
For convenience, the term air traffic control clearance is frequently
abbreviated to clearance when used in appropriate contexts.
Note 2:
The abbreviated term clearance may be prefixed by the words taxi,
takeoff, departure, en route, approach or landing to indicate the
particular portion of flight to which the air traffic control
clearance relates.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE-
(See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL.)
AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE [ICAO]- A service provided for the purpose
of:
a. Preventing collisions:
1. Between aircraft; and
2. On the maneuvering area between
aircraft and obstructions.
b. Expediting and maintaining an orderly
flow of air traffic.
AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST- A person authorized to provide air
traffic control service.
(See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL.)
(See FLIGHT
SERVICE STATION.)
(See ICAO term
CONTROLLER.)
AIR TRAFFIC
CONTROL SYSTEM COMMAND CENTER- An Air Traffic Tactical Operations
facility consisting of four operational units.
a. Central Flow Control Function (CFCF).
Responsible for coordination and approval of all major intercenter
flow control restrictions on a system basis in order to obtain
maximum utilization of the airspace.
(See QUOTA FLOW
CONTROL.)
b. Central Altitude Reservation Function (CARF).
Responsible for coordinating, planning, and approving special user
requirements under the Altitude Reservation (ALTRV) concept.
(See ALTITUDE RESERVATION.)
c. Airport Reservation Office (ARO).
Responsible for approving IFR flights at designated high density
traffic airports (John F. Kennedy, LaGuardia, O'Hare, and Ronald
Reagan Washington National) during specified hours.
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 93.)
(Refer to
AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.)
d. ATC Contingency Command Post. A
facility which enables the FAA to manage the ATC system when
significant portions of the system's capabilities have been lost or
are threatened.
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE-
A generic term meaning:
a. Flight Information Service.
b. Alerting Service.
c. Air Traffic Advisory Service.
d. Air Traffic Control Service:
1. Area Control Service,
2. Approach Control Service, or
3. Airport Control Service.
AIRBORNE DELAY- Amount
of delay to be encountered in airborne holding.
AIRCRAFT- Device(s) that are
used or intended to be used for flight in the air, and when used in
air traffic control terminology, may include the flight crew.
(See ICAO term AIRCRAFT.)
AIRCRAFT [ICAO]- Any
machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions
of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth's
surface.
AIRCRAFT
APPROACH CATEGORY- A grouping of aircraft based on a speed of 1.3
times the stall speed in the landing configuration at maximum gross
landing weight. An aircraft shall fit in only one category. If it is
necessary to maneuver at speeds in excess of the upper limit of a
speed range for a category, the minimums for the next higher category
should be used. For example, an aircraft which falls in Category A,
but is circling to land at a speed in excess of 91 knots, should use
the approach Category B minimums when circling to land. The categories
are as follows:
a. Category A- Speed less than 91 knots.
b. Category B- Speed 91 knots or more but
less than 121 knots.
c. Category C- Speed 121 knots or more but
less than 141 knots.
d. Category D- Speed 141 knots or more but
less than 166 knots.
e. Category E- Speed 166 knots or more.
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 97.)
AIRCRAFT CLASSES-
For the purposes of Wake Turbulence Separation Minima, ATC classifies
aircraft as Heavy, Large, and Small as follows:
a. Heavy- Aircraft capable of takeoff
weights of more than 255,000 pounds whether or not they are
operating at this weight during a particular phase of flight.
b. Large- Aircraft of more than 41,000
pounds, maximum certificated takeoff weight, up to 255,000 pounds.
c. Small- Aircraft of 41,000 pounds or
less maximum certificated takeoff weight.
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRCRAFT CONFLICT-
Predicted conflict, within URET CCLD, of two aircraft, or between
aircraft and airspace. A Red alert is used for conflicts when the
predicted minimum separation is 5 nautical miles or less. A Yellow
alert is used when the predicted minimum separation is between 5 and
approximately 12 nautical miles. A Blue alert is used for conflicts
between an aircraft and predefined airspace.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL CORE CAPABILITY LIMITED DEPLOYMENT.)
AIRCRAFT LIST (ACL)-
A view available with URET CCLD that lists aircraft currently in or
predicted to be in a particular sector's airspace. The view contains
textual flight data information in line format and may be sorted into
various orders based on the specific needs of the sector team.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL CORE CAPABILITY LIMITED DEPLOYMENT.)
AIRCRAFT SURGE LAUNCH AND RECOVERY- Procedures used at USAF bases
to provide increased launch and recovery rates in instrument flight
rules conditions. ASLAR is based on:
a. Reduced separation between aircraft
which is based on time or distance. Standard arrival separation
applies between participants including multiple flights until the
DRAG point. The DRAG point is a published location on an ASLAR
approach where aircraft landing second in a formation slows to a
predetermined airspeed. The DRAG point is the reference point at
which MARSA applies as expanding elements effect separation within a
flight or between subsequent participating flights.
b. ASLAR procedures shall be covered in a
Letter of Agreement between the responsible USAF military ATC
facility and the concerned Federal Aviation Administration facility.
Initial Approach Fix spacing requirements are normally addressed as
a minimum.
AIRMEN'S METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION-
(See AIRMET.)
AIRMET-
In-flight weather advisories issued only to amend the area forecast
concerning weather phenomena which are of operational interest to all
aircraft and potentially hazardous to aircraft having limited
capability because of lack of equipment, instrumentation, or pilot
qualifications. AIRMETs concern weather of less severity than that
covered by SIGMETs or Convective SIGMETs. AIRMETs cover moderate
icing, moderate turbulence, sustained winds of 30 knots or more at the
surface, widespread areas of ceilings less than 1,000 feet and/or
visibility less than 3 miles, and extensive mountain obscurement.
(See AWW.)
(See CONVECTIVE
SIGMET.)
(See CWA.)
(See SIGMET.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT- An area on land or
water that is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff
of aircraft and includes its buildings and facilities, if any.
AIRPORT ADVISORY
AREA- The area within ten miles of an airport without a control
tower or where the tower is not in operation, and on which a Flight
Service Station is located.
(See LOCAL
AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
(Refer to AIM.)
AIRPORT
ARRIVAL RATE (AAR)- A dynamic input parameter specifying the
number of arriving aircraft which an airport or airspace can accept
from the ARTCC per hour. The AAR is used to calculate the desired
interval between successive arrival aircraft.
AIRPORT
DEPARTURE RATE (ADR)- A dynamic parameter specifying the number of
aircraft which can depart an airport and the airspace can accept per
hour.
AIRPORT ELEVATION-
The highest point of an airport's usable runways measured in feet from
mean sea level.
(See TOUCHDOWN
ZONE ELEVATION.)
(See ICAO term AERODROME
ELEVATION.)
AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY- A publication designed primarily as a
pilot's operational manual containing all airports, seaplane bases,
and heliports open to the public including communications data,
navigational facilities, and certain special notices and procedures.
This publication is issued in seven volumes according to geographical
area.
AIRPORT LIGHTING-
Various lighting aids that may be installed on an airport. Types of
airport lighting include:
a. Approach Light System (ALS)- An airport
lighting facility |