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L
LAA-
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
LAAS-
(See LOW ALTITUDE ALERT SYSTEM.)
LAHSO- An acronym for "Land and
Hold Short Operation." These operations include landing and holding
short of an intersecting runway, a taxiway, a predetermined point, or
an approach/departure flightpath.
LAHSO-DRY- Land and hold
short operations on runways that are dry.
LAHSO-WET- Land and hold
short operations on runways that are wet (but not contaminated).
LAND AND
HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS- Operations which include simultaneous
takeoffs and landings and/or simultaneous landings when a landing
aircraft is able and is instructed by the controller to hold-short of
the intersecting runway/taxiway or designated hold-short point. Pilots
are expected to promptly inform the controller if the hold short
clearance cannot be accepted.
(See
PARALLEL RUNWAYS.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LANDING AREA- Any
locality either on land, water, or structures, including
airports/heliports and intermediate landing fields, which is used, or
intended to be used, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft whether
or not facilities are provided for the shelter, servicing, or for
receiving or discharging passengers or cargo.
(See ICAO term LANDING AREA.)
LANDING AREA [ICAO]-
That part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of
aircraft.
LANDING
DIRECTION INDICATOR- A device which visually indicates the
direction in which landings and takeoffs should be made.
(See
TETRAHEDRON.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LANDING
DISTANCE AVAILABLE [ICAO]- The length of runway which is declared
available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing.
LANDING MINIMUMS-
The minimum visibility prescribed for landing a civil aircraft while
using an instrument approach procedure. The minimum applies with other
limitations set forth in 14 CFR Part 91 with respect to the Minimum
Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Height (DH) prescribed in the
instrument approach procedures as follows:
a. Straight-in landing minimums. A
statement of MDA and visibility, or DH and visibility, required for
a straight-in landing on a specified runway, or
b. Circling minimums. A statement of MDA
and visibility required for the circle-to-land maneuver.
Note:
Descent below the established MDA or DH is not authorized during an
approach unless the aircraft is in a position from which a normal
approach to the runway of intended landing can be made and adequate
visual reference to required visual cues is maintained.
(See CIRCLE-TO-LAND MANEUVER.)
(See
DECISION HEIGHT.)
(See INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE.)
(See MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE.)
(See STRAIGHT-IN LANDING.)
(See
VISIBILITY.)
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
LANDING ROLL- The
distance from the point of touchdown to the point where the aircraft
can be brought to a stop or exit the runway.
LANDING SEQUENCE-
The order in which aircraft are positioned for landing.
(See
APPROACH SEQUENCE.)
LAST ASSIGNED
ALTITUDE- The last altitude/flight level assigned by ATC and
acknowledged by the pilot.
(See
MAINTAIN.)
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
LATERAL
NAVIGATION (LNAV)- A function of area navigation (RNAV) equipment
which calculates, displays, and provides lateral guidance to a profile
or path.
LATERAL SEPARATION-
The lateral spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by requiring
operation on different routes or in different geographical locations.
(See
SEPARATION.)
LDA-
(See LOCALIZER TYPE
DIRECTIONAL AID.)
(See ICAO Term LANDING
DISTANCE AVAILABLE.)
LF-
(See LOW FREQUENCY.)
LIGHTED AIRPORT- An
airport where runway and obstruction lighting is available.
(See
AIRPORT LIGHTING.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LIGHT GUN- A handheld
directional light signaling device which emits a brilliant narrow beam
of white, green, or red light as selected by the tower controller. The
color and type of light transmitted can be used to approve or
disapprove anticipated pilot actions where radio communication is not
available. The light gun is used for controlling traffic operating in
the vicinity of the airport and on the airport movement area.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCAL
AIRPORT ADVISORY [LAA]- A service provided by flight service
stations or the military at airports not serviced by an operating
control tower. This service consists of providing information to
arriving and departing aircraft concerning wind direction and speed,
favored runway, altimeter setting, pertinent known traffic, pertinent
known field conditions, airport taxi routes and traffic patterns, and
authorized instrument approach procedures. This information is
advisory in nature and does not constitute an ATC clearance.
(See AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA.)
LOCAL TRAFFIC- Aircraft
operating in the traffic pattern or within sight of the tower, or
aircraft known to be departing or arriving from flight in local
practice areas, or aircraft executing practice instrument approaches
at the airport.
(See
TRAFFIC PATTERN.)
LOCALIZER- The component of
an ILS which provides course guidance to the runway.
(See INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM.)
(See ICAO term LOCALIZER COURSE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCALIZER COURSE
[ICAO]- The locus of points, in any given horizontal plane, at
which the DDM (difference in depth of modulation) is zero.
LOCALIZER OFFSET- An
angular offset of the localizer from the runway extended centerline in
a direction away from the no transgression zone (NTZ) that increases
the normal operating zone (NOZ) width. An offset requires a 50 foot
increase in DH and is not authorized for CAT II and CAT III
approaches.
LOCALIZER
TYPE DIRECTIONAL AID- A NAVAID used for nonprecision instrument
approaches with utility and accuracy comparable to a localizer but
which is not a part of a complete ILS and is not aligned with the
runway.
(Refer to
AIM.)
LOCALIZER
USABLE DISTANCE- The maximum distance from the localizer
transmitter at a specified altitude, as verified by flight inspection,
at which reliable course information is continuously received.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOCATOR [ICAO]- An
LM/MF NDB used as an aid to final approach.
Note: A
locator usually has an average radius of rated coverage of between
18.5 and 46.3 km (10 and 25 NM).
LONG RANGE NAVIGATION-
(See LORAN.)
LONGITUDINAL
SEPARATION- The longitudinal spacing of aircraft at the same
altitude by a minimum distance expressed in units of time or miles.
(See
SEPARATION.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LORAN- An electronic
navigational system by which hyperbolic lines of position are
determined by measuring the difference in the time of reception of
synchronized pulse signals from two fixed transmitters. Loran A
operates in the 1750-1950 KHz frequency band. Loran C and D operate in
the 100-110 KHz frequency band.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOST COMMUNICATIONS-
Loss of the ability to communicate by radio. Aircraft are sometimes
referred to as NORDO (No Radio). Standard pilot procedures are
specified in 14 CFR Part 91. Radar controllers issue procedures for
pilots to follow in the event of lost communications during a radar
approach when weather reports indicate that an aircraft will likely
encounter IFR weather conditions during the approach.
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
(Refer AIM.)
LOW
ALTITUDE AIRWAY STRUCTURE- The network of airways serving aircraft
operations up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL.
(See AIRWAY.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LOW ALTITUDE ALERT, CHECK YOUR ALTITUDE
IMMEDIATELY-
(See
SAFETY ALERT.)
LOW ALTITUDE
ALERT SYSTEM- An automated function of the TPX-42 that alerts the
controller when a Mode C transponder equipped aircraft on an IFR
flight plan is below a predetermined minimum safe altitude. If
requested by the pilot, Low Altitude Alert System monitoring is also
available to VFR Mode C transponder equipped aircraft.
LOW APPROACH- An
approach over an airport or runway following an instrument approach or
a VFR approach including the go-around maneuver where the pilot
intentionally does not make contact with the runway.
(Refer to AIM.)
LOW FREQUENCY- The
frequency band between 30 and 300 KHz.
(Refer to AIM.)
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