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T
TACAN-
(See TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION.)
TACAN-ONLY AIRCRAFT-
An aircraft, normally military, possessing TACAN with DME but no VOR
navigational system capability. Clearances must specify TACAN or
VORTAC fixes and approaches.
TACTICAL AIR
NAVIGATION- An ultra-high frequency electronic rho-theta air
navigation aid which provides suitably equipped aircraft a continuous
indication of bearing and distance to the TACAN station.
(See VORTAC.)
(Refer to AIM.)
TAILWIND- Any wind more than
90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the runway. The magnetic
direction of the runway shall be used as the basis for determining the
longitudinal axis.
TAKEOFF AREA-
(See
LANDING AREA.)
TAKE-OFF DISTANCE AVAILABLE [ICAO]- The length of the take-off run
available plus the length of the clearway, if provided.
TAKE-OFF
RUN AVAILABLE [ICAO]- The length of runway declared available and
suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane take-off.
TARGET- The indication shown
on a radar display resulting from a primary radar return or a radar
beacon reply.
(See RADAR.)
(See TARGET SYMBOL.)
(See ICAO
term TARGET.)
TARGET [ICAO]- In
radar:
a. Generally, any discrete object which
reflects or retransmits energy back to the radar equipment.
b. Specifically, an object of radar search
or surveillance.
TARGET RESOLUTION-
A process to ensure that correlated radar targets do not touch. Target
resolution shall be applied as follows:
a. Between the edges of two primary
targets or the edges of the ASR-9 primary target symbol.
b. Between the end of the beacon control
slash and the edge of a primary target.
c. Between the ends of two beacon control
slashes.
Note 1:
MANDATORY TRAFFIC ADVISORIES AND SAFETY ALERTS SHALL BE ISSUED WHEN
THIS PROCEDURE IS USED.
Note 2:
This procedure shall not be provided utilizing mosaic radar systems.
TARGET SYMBOL- A
computer-generated indication shown on a radar display resulting from
a primary radar return or a radar beacon reply.
TAXI- The movement of an
airplane under its own power on the surface of an airport (14 CFR
Section 135.100 [Note]). Also, it describes the surface movement of
helicopters equipped with wheels.
(See AIR
TAXI.)
(See HOVER
TAXI.)
(Refer to
14 CFR Section 135.100.)
(Refer to AIM.)
TAXI
INTO POSITION AND HOLD- Used by ATC to inform a pilot to
taxi onto the departure runway in takeoff position and hold. It is not
authorization for takeoff. It is used when takeoff clearance cannot
immediately be issued because of traffic or other reasons.
(See
CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF.)
TAXI PATTERNS- Patterns
established to illustrate the desired flow of ground traffic for the
different runways or airport areas available for use.
TCAS-
(See TRAFFIC
ALERT AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM.)
TCH-
(See THRESHOLD CROSSING HEIGHT.)
TCLT-
(See TENTATIVE CALCULATED
LANDING TIME.)
TDZE-
(See TOUCHDOWN ZONE ELEVATION.)
TELEPHONE INFORMATION BRIEFING SERVICE- A continuous telephone
recording of meteorological and/or aeronautical information.
(Refer to AIM.)
TENTATIVE CALCULATED LANDING TIME- A projected time calculated for
adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon runway
configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport arrival delay period,
and other metered arrival aircraft. This time is either the VTA of the
aircraft or the TCLT/ACLT of the previous aircraft plus the AAI,
whichever is later. This time will be updated in response to an
aircraft's progress and its current relationship to other arrivals.
TERMINAL AREA- A
general term used to describe airspace in which approach control
service or airport traffic control service is provided.
TERMINAL AREA
FACILITY- A facility providing air traffic control service for
arriving and departing IFR, VFR, Special VFR, and on occasion en route
aircraft.
(See APPROACH CONTROL FACILITY.)
(See TOWER.)
TERMINAL
RADAR SERVICE AREA- Airspace surrounding designated airports
wherein ATC provides radar vectoring, sequencing, and separation on a
full-time basis for all IFR and participating VFR aircraft. The AIM
contains an explanation of TRSA. TRSAs are depicted on VFR
aeronautical charts. Pilot participation is urged but is not
mandatory.
TERMINAL VFR
RADAR SERVICE- A national program instituted to extend the
terminal radar services provided instrument flight rules (IFR)
aircraft to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft. The program is divided
into four types service referred to as basic radar service, terminal
radar service area (TRSA) service, Class B service and Class C
service. The type of service provided at a particular location is
contained in the Airport/Facility Directory.
a. Basic Radar Service- These services are
provided for VFR aircraft by all commissioned terminal radar
facilities. Basic radar service includes safety alerts, traffic
advisories, limited radar vectoring when requested by the pilot, and
sequencing at locations where procedures have been established for
this purpose and/or when covered by a letter of agreement. The
purpose of this service is to adjust the flow of arriving IFR and
VFR aircraft into the traffic pattern in a safe and orderly manner
and to provide traffic advisories to departing VFR aircraft.
b. TRSA Service- This service provides, in
addition to basic radar service, sequencing of all IFR and
participating VFR aircraft to the primary airport and separation
between all participating VFR aircraft. The purpose of this service
is to provide separation between all participating VFR aircraft and
all IFR aircraft operating within the area defined as a TRSA.
c. Class C Service- This service provides,
in addition to basic radar service, approved separation between IFR
and VFR aircraft, and sequencing of VFR aircraft, and sequencing of
VFR arrivals to the primary airport.
d. Class B Service- This service provides,
in addition to basic radar service, approved separation of aircraft
based on IFR, VFR, and/or weight, and sequencing of VFR arrivals to
the primary airport(s).
(See
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.)
(See TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE
AREA.)
(Refer to AIM.)
(Refer to
AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.)
TERMINAL-VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE STATION- A very
high frequency terminal omnirange station located on or near an
airport and used as an approach aid.
(See
NAVIGATIONAL AID.)
(See VOR.)
TERRAIN FOLLOWING-
The flight of a military aircraft maintaining a constant AGL altitude
above the terrain or the highest obstruction. The altitude of the
aircraft will constantly change with the varying terrain and/or
obstruction.
TETRAHEDRON- A device
normally located on uncontrolled airports and used as a landing
direction indicator. The small end of a tetrahedron points in the
direction of landing. At controlled airports, the tetrahedron, if
installed, should be disregarded because tower instructions supersede
the indicator.
(See
SEGMENTED CIRCLE.)
(Refer to AIM.)
TF-
(See TERRAIN FOLLOWING.)
THAT IS CORRECT-
The understanding you have is right.
360 OVERHEAD-
(See
OVERHEAD MANEUVER.)
THRESHOLD- The beginning of
that portion of the runway usable for landing.
(See
AIRPORT LIGHTING.)
(See DISPLACED THRESHOLD.)
THRESHOLD
CROSSING HEIGHT- The theoretical height above the runway threshold
at which the aircraft's glideslope antenna would be if the aircraft
maintains the trajectory established by the mean ILS glideslope or MLS
glidepath.
(See
GLIDESLOPE.)
(See THRESHOLD.)
THRESHOLD LIGHTS-
(See
AIRPORT LIGHTING.)
TIBS-
(See TELEPHONE
INFORMATION BRIEFING SERVICE.)
TIME GROUP- Four digits
representing the hour and minutes from the Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC) clock. FAA uses UTC for all operations. The term "ZULU" may be
used to denote UTC. The word "local" or the time zone equivalent shall
be used to denote local when local time is given during radio and
telephone communications. When written, a time zone designator is used
to indicate local time; e.g. "0205M" (Mountain). The local time may be
based on the 24-hour clock system. The day begins at 0000 and ends at
2359.
TMA-
(See TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
ADVISOR.)
TMPA-
(See TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM ALERT.)
TMU-
(See TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT UNIT.)
TODA [ICAO]-
(See ICAO Term TAKE-OFF
DISTANCE AVAILABLE.)
TORA [ICAO]-
(See ICAO Term TAKE-OFF RUN
AVAILABLE.)
TORCHING- The burning of
fuel at the end of an exhaust pipe or stack of a reciprocating
aircraft engine, the result of an excessive richness in the fuel air
mixture.
TOTAL
ESTIMATED ELAPSED TIME [ICAO]- For IFR flights, the estimated time
required from take-off to arrive over that designated point, defined
by reference to navigation aids, from which it is intended that an
instrument approach procedure will be commenced, or, if no navigation
aid is associated with the destination aerodrome, to arrive over the
destination aerodrome. For VFR flights, the estimated time required
from take-off to arrive over the destination aerodrome.
(See ICAO term ESTIMATED ELAPSED TIME.)
TOUCH-AND-GO- An
operation by an aircraft that lands and departs on a runway without
stopping or exiting the runway.
TOUCH-AND-GO LANDING-
(See TOUCH-AND-GO.)
TOUCHDOWN-
a. The point at which an aircraft first
makes contact with the landing surface.
b. Concerning a precision radar approach
(PAR), it is the point where the glide path intercepts the landing
surface.
(See ICAO term TOUCHDOWN.)
TOUCHDOWN [ICAO]-
The point where the nominal glide path intercepts the runway.
Note:
Touchdown as defined above is only a datum and is not necessarily the
actual point at which the aircraft will touch the runway.
TOUCHDOWN RVR-
(See
VISIBILITY.)
TOUCHDOWN ZONE- The
first 3,000 feet of the runway beginning at the threshold. The area is
used for determination of Touchdown Zone Elevation in the development
of straight-in landing minimums for instrument approaches.
(See ICAO term TOUCHDOWN ZONE.)
TOUCHDOWN ZONE [ICAO]-
The portion of a runway, beyond the threshold, where it is intended
landing aircraft first contact the runway.
TOUCHDOWN ZONE
ELEVATION- The highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the
landing surface. TDZE is indicated on the instrument approach
procedure chart when straight-in landing minimums are authorized.
(See TOUCHDOWN ZONE.)
TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTING-
(See
AIRPORT LIGHTING.)
TOWER- A terminal facility that
uses air/ground communications, visual signaling, and other devices to
provide ATC services to aircraft operating in the vicinity of an
airport or on the movement area. Authorizes aircraft to land or
takeoff at the airport controlled by the tower or to transit the Class
D airspace area regardless of flight plan or weather conditions (IFR
or VFR). A tower may also provide approach control services (radar or
nonradar).
(See AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE.)
(See APPROACH CONTROL FACILITY.)
(See APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE.)
(See
MOVEMENT AREA.)
(See TOWER EN ROUTE CONTROL
SERVICE.)
(See ICAO term AERODROME CONTROL TOWER.)
(Refer to AIM.)
TOWER EN
ROUTE CONTROL SERVICE- The control of IFR en route traffic within
delegated airspace between two or more adjacent approach control
facilities. This service is designed to expedite traffic and reduce
control and pilot communication requirements.
TOWER TO TOWER-
(See TOWER EN ROUTE CONTROL
SERVICE.)
TPX-42- A numeric beacon
decoder equipment/system. It is designed to be added to terminal radar
systems for beacon decoding. It provides rapid target identification,
reinforcement of the primary radar target, and altitude information
from Mode C.
(See AUTOMATED RADAR TERMINAL SYSTEMS.)
(See TRANSPONDER.)
TRACEABLE
PRESSURE STANDARD- The facility station pressure instrument, with
certification/calibration traceable to the National Institute of
Standards and Technology. Traceable pressure standards may be
mercurial barometers, commissioned ASOS or dual transducer AWOS, or
portable pressure standards or DASI.
TRACK- The actual flight path
of an aircraft over the surface of the earth.
(See COURSE.)
(See FLIGHT
PATH.)
(See ROUTE.)
(See ICAO term TRACK.)
TRACK [ICAO]- The
projection on the earth's surface of the path of an aircraft, the
direction of which path at any point is usually expressed in degrees
from North (True, Magnetic, or Grid).
TRAFFIC-
a. A term used by a controller to transfer
radar identification of an aircraft to another controller for the
purpose of coordinating separation action. Traffic is normally
issued:
1. In response to a handoff or point
out,
2. In anticipation of a handoff or point
out, or
3. In conjunction with a request for
control of an aircraft.
b. A term used by ATC to refer to one or
more aircraft.
TRAFFIC ADVISORIES-
Advisories issued to alert pilots to other known or observed air
traffic which may be in such proximity to the position or intended
route of flight of their aircraft to warrant their attention. Such
advisories may be based on:
a. Visual observation.
b. Observation of radar identified and
nonidentified aircraft targets on an ATC radar display, or
c. Verbal reports from pilots or other
facilities.
Note 1:
The word "traffic" followed by additional information, if known, is
used to provide such advisories; e.g., "Traffic, 2 o'clock, one zero
miles, southbound, eight thousand."
Note 2:
Traffic advisory service will be provided to the extent possible
depending on higher priority duties of the controller or other
limitations; e.g., radar limitations, volume of traffic, frequency
congestion, or controller workload. Radar/nonradar traffic advisories
do not relieve the pilot of his/her responsibility to see and avoid
other aircraft. Pilots are cautioned that there are many times when
the controller is not able to give traffic advisories concerning all
traffic in the aircraft's proximity; in other words, when a pilot
requests or is receiving traffic advisories, he/she should not assume
that all traffic will be issued.
(Refer to AIM.)
TRAFFIC ALERT (aircraft call sign), TURN
(left/right) IMMEDIATELY, (climb/descend) AND MAINTAIN (altitude).
(See
SAFETY ALERT.)
TRAFFIC ALERT
AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM- An airborne collision avoidance
system based on radar beacon signals which operates independent of
ground-based equipment. TCAS-I generates traffic advisories only. TCAS-II
generates traffic advisories, and resolution (collision avoidance)
advisories in the vertical plane.
TRAFFIC INFORMATION-
(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
TRAFFIC IN SIGHT-
Used by pilots to inform a controller that previously issued
traffic is in sight.
(See
NEGATIVE CONTACT.)
(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.)
TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT ADVISOR (TMA)- A computerized tool which assists
Traffic Management Coordinators to efficiently schedule arrival
traffic to a metered airport, by calculating meter fix times and
delays then sending that information to the sector controllers.
TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ALERT- A term used in a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM)
issued in conjunction with a special traffic management program to
alert pilots to the existence of the program and to refer them to
either the Notices to Airmen publication or a special traffic
management program advisory message for program details. The
contraction TMPA is used in NOTAM text.
TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT UNIT- The entity in ARTCCs and designated terminals
responsible for direct involvement in the active management of
facility traffic. Usually under the direct supervision of an assistant
manager for traffic management.
TRAFFIC NO FACTOR-
Indicates that the traffic described in a previously issued
traffic advisory is no factor.
TRAFFIC
NO LONGER OBSERVED- Indicates that the traffic described
in a previously issued traffic advisory is no longer depicted on
radar, but may still be a factor.
TRAFFIC PATTERN- The
traffic flow that is prescribed for aircraft landing at, taxiing on,
or taking off from an airport. The components of a typical traffic
pattern are upwind leg, crosswind leg, downwind leg, base leg, and
final approach.
a. Upwind Leg- A flight path parallel to
the landing runway in the direction of landing.
b. Crosswind Leg- A flight path at right
angles to the landing runway off its upwind end.
c. Downwind Leg- A flight path parallel to
the landing runway in the direction opposite to landing. The
downwind leg normally extends between the crosswind leg and the base
leg.
d. Base Leg- A flight path at right angles
to the landing runway off its approach end. The base leg normally
extends from the downwind leg to the intersection of the extended
runway centerline.
e. Final Approach. A flight path in the
direction of landing along the extended runway centerline. The final
approach normally extends from the base leg to the runway. An
aircraft making a straight-in approach VFR is also considered to be
on final approach.
(See STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH VFR.)
(See TAXI PATTERNS.)
(See ICAO term AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT.)
(Refer to
14 CFR Part 91.)
(Refer to AIM.)
TRAFFIC
SITUATION DISPLAY (TSD)- TSD is a computer system that receives
radar track data from all 20 CONUS ARTCCs, organizes this data into a
mosaic display, and presents it on a computer screen. The display
allows the traffic management coordinator multiple methods of
selection and highlighting of individual aircraft or groups of
aircraft. The user has the option of superimposing these aircraft
positions over any number of background displays. These background
options include ARTCC boundaries, any stratum of en route sector
boundaries, fixes, airways, military and other special use airspace,
airports, and geopolitical boundaries. By using the TSD, a coordinator
can monitor any number of traffic situations or the entire systemwide
traffic flows.
TRAJECTORY- A URET CCLD
representation of the path an aircraft is predicted to fly based upon
a Current Plan or Trial Plan.
(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL CORE CAPABILITY LIMITED DEPLOYMENT.)
TRAJECTORY MODELING-
The automated process of calculating a trajectory.
TRANSCRIBED
WEATHER BROADCAST- A continuous recording of meteorological and
aeronautical information that is broadcast on L/MF and VOR facilities
for pilots.
(Refer to AIM.)
TRANSFER OF CONTROL-
That action whereby the responsibility for the separation of an
aircraft is transferred from one controller to another.
(See ICAO term TRANSFER OF
CONTROL.)
TRANSFER OF
CONTROL [ICAO]- Transfer of responsibility for providing air
traffic control service.
TRANSFERRING
CONTROLLER- A controller/facility transferring control of an
aircraft to another controller/facility.
(See ICAO term
TRANSFERRING UNIT/CONTROLLER.)
TRANSFERRING FACILITY-
(See TRANSFERRING CONTROLLER.)
TRANSFERRING UNIT/CONTROLLER [ICAO]- Air traffic control unit/air
traffic controller in the process of transferring the responsibility
for providing air traffic control service to an aircraft to the next
air traffic control unit/air traffic controller along the route of
flight.
Note: See
definition of accepting unit/controller.
TRANSITION-
a. The general term that describes the
change from one phase of flight or flight condition to another;
e.g., transition from en route flight to the approach or transition
from instrument flight to visual flight.
b. A published procedure (DP Transition)
used to connect the basic DP to one of several en route airways/jet
routes, or a published procedure (STAR Transition) used to connect
one of several en route airways/jet routes to the basic STAR.
(Refer to
DP/STAR Charts.)
TRANSITION POINT- A
point at an adapted number of miles from the vertex at which an
arrival aircraft would normally commence descent from its en route
altitude. This is the first fix adapted on the arrival speed segments.
TRANSITIONAL
AIRSPACE- That portion of controlled airspace wherein aircraft
change from one phase of flight or flight condition to another.
TRANSMISSOMETER- An
apparatus used to determine visibility by measuring the transmission
of light through the atmosphere. It is the measurement source for
determining runway visual range (RVR) and runway visibility value (RVV).
(See
VISIBILITY.)
TRANSMITTING IN THE BLIND- A transmission from one station
to other stations in circumstances where two-way communication cannot
be established, but where it is believed that the called stations may
be able to receive the transmission.
TRANSPONDER- The airborne
radar beacon receiver/transmitter portion of the Air Traffic Control
Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) which automatically receives radio
signals from interrogators on the ground, and selectively replies with
a specific reply pulse or pulse group only to those interrogations
being received on the mode to which it is set to respond.
(See
INTERROGATOR.)
(See ICAO term TRANSPONDER.)
(Refer to AIM.)
TRANSPONDER [ICAO]-
A receiver/transmitter which will generate a reply signal upon proper
interrogation; the interrogation and reply being on different
frequencies.
TRANSPONDER CODES-
(See CODES.)
TRIAL PLAN- A proposed
amendment which utilizes automation to analyze and display potential
conflicts along the predicted trajectory of the selected aircraft.
TRSA-
(See TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE
AREA.)
TSD-
(See TRAFFIC SITUATION
DISPLAY.)
TURBOJET AIRCRAFT-
An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet
operates a turbine which in turn operates the air compressor.
TURBOPROP AIRCRAFT-
An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet
operates a turbine which drives the propeller.
TURN ANTICIPATION-
(maneuver anticipation).
TVOR-
(See TERMINAL-VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE STATION.)
TWEB-
(See TRANSCRIBED WEATHER
BROADCAST.)
TWO-WAY RADIO COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE-
(See LOST COMMUNICATIONS.)
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